Alice's adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll- page 30

'Speak roughly to your little boy,

• Speak: Imperative form of the verb 'to speak', indicating a command or instruction [spik]
• roughly: In a harsh or severe manner [ˈrəfli]
• to: Preposition indicating direction or recipient [tɪ]
• your: Possessive pronoun indicating belonging to the person being addressed [jʊr]
• little: Adjective indicating small size or young age [ˈlɪtəl]
• boy: Male child [bɔɪ]

And beat him when he sneezes:

• And: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• beat: Verb meaning to strike repeatedly [bit]
• him: Pronoun referring to the little boy [ɪm]
• when: Conjunction indicating a time or condition [wɪn]
• he: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• sneezes: Verb meaning to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth [sˈnizɪz]

He only does it to annoy,

• He: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• only: Adverb meaning solely or merely [ˈoʊnli]
• does: Verb meaning performs or executes [dɪz]
• it: Pronoun referring to the action of sneezing [ɪt]
• to: Preposition indicating purpose or intention [tɪ]
• annoy: Verb meaning to irritate or bother [əˈnɔɪ]

Because he knows it teases.'

• Because: Conjunction introducing a reason or explanation [bɪˈkəz]
• he: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• knows: Verb meaning is aware or understands [noʊz]
• it: Pronoun referring to the action of teasing [ɪt]
• teases: Verb meaning to provoke or make fun of [ˈtizɪz]

CHORUS.

• CHORUS: A part of a song that is repeated after each verse [ˈkɔrəs]

(In which the cook and the baby joined):—

• In: Preposition indicating location or inclusion [(ɪn]
• which: Relative pronoun referring to the preceding clause [wɪʧ]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular cook and baby [ðə]
• cook: Person who prepares food [kʊk]
• and: Conjunction connecting the cook and the baby [ənd]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular cook and baby [ðə]
• baby: Very young child [ˈbeɪbi]
• joined: Participated or became involved [ʤɔɪnd)-]

'Wow!

• Wow: Exclamation expressing surprise or excitement [waʊ]

wow!

• wow: Exclamation expressing surprise or excitement [waʊ]

While the Duchess sang the second verse of the song, she kept tossing the baby violently up and down, and the poor little thing howled so, that Alice could hardly hear the words:—

• While: Conjunction indicating a period of time during which something happens [waɪl]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular Duchess [ðə]
• Duchess: Noblewoman holding a high rank [ˈdəʧəs]
• sang: Past tense of the verb 'to sing', meaning to produce musical sounds with the voice [sæŋ]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular verse [ðə]
• second: Adjective indicating the number two in a sequence [ˈsɛkənd]
• verse: Section of a song or poem [vərs]
• of: Preposition indicating belonging or association [əv]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular song [ðə]
• song: Musical composition with words [sɔŋ]
• she: Pronoun referring to the Duchess [ʃi]
• kept: Past tense of the verb 'to keep', meaning to continue or persist [kɛpt]
• tossing: Verb meaning to throw lightly or carelessly [ˈtɔsɪŋ]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular baby [ðə]
• baby: Very young child [ˈbeɪbi]
• violently: Adverb meaning with great force or intensity [ˈvaɪələntli]
• up: Adverb indicating upward direction [əp]
• and: Conjunction connecting 'up' and 'down' [ənd]
• down: Adverb indicating downward direction [daʊn]
• and: Conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the: Definite article specifying a particular thing [ðə]
• poor: Adjective expressing pity or sympathy [pur]
• little: Adjective indicating small size or young age [ˈlɪtəl]
• thing: Noun referring to the baby [θɪŋ]
• howled: Verb meaning to emit a loud, wailing cry [haʊld]
• so: Adverb indicating degree or extent [soʊ]
• that: Conjunction introducing a result clause [ðət]
• Alice: Proper noun, a person's name [ˈælɪs]
• could: Past tense of the modal verb 'can', indicating ability [kʊd]
• hardly: Adverb meaning barely or scarcely [ˈhɑrdli]
• hear: Verb meaning to perceive sound with the ears [hir]
• the: Definite article specifying particular words [ðə]
• words: Units of language with meaning

'I speak severely to my boy,

• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• speak: Verb meaning to say something [spik]
• severely: Adverb meaning harshly or strictly [səˈvɪrli]
• to: Preposition indicating direction or recipient [tɪ]
• my: Possessive pronoun indicating belonging to the speaker [maɪ]
• boy: Male child [bɔɪ]

I beat him when he sneezes;

• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• beat: Verb meaning to strike repeatedly [bit]
• him: Pronoun referring to the little boy [ɪm]
• when: Conjunction indicating a time or condition [wɪn]
• he: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• sneezes: Verb meaning to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth [sˈnizɪz]

For he can thoroughly enjoy

• For: Conjunction introducing a reason or explanation [fər]
• he: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• can: Modal verb indicating ability [kən]
• thoroughly: Adverb meaning completely or fully [ˈθəroʊli]
• enjoy: Verb meaning to take pleasure in [ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ]

The pepper when he pleases!'

• The: Definite article specifying a particular pepper [ðə]
• pepper: Spice with a pungent flavor [ˈpɛpər]
• when: Conjunction indicating a time or condition [wɪn]
• he: Pronoun referring to the little boy [hi]
• pleases: Verb meaning to give satisfaction or enjoyment [ˈplizɪz]

CHORUS.

• CHORUS: A part of a song or poem that is repeated after each verse or stanza. [ˈkɔrəs]

'Wow!

• Wow: An expression of surprise, admiration, or excitement. [waʊ]

wow!

• wow: An expression of surprise, admiration, or excitement. [waʊ]

'Here!

• Here: In this place; at this location. [hir]

you may nurse it a bit, if you like!' the Duchess said to Alice, flinging the baby at her as she spoke. 'I must go and get ready to play croquet with the Queen,' and she hurried out of the room.

• you may nurse it a bit: you are allowed to feed the baby for a short time [ju meɪ nərs ɪt ə bɪt]
• if you like: if you want to; if it pleases you [ɪf ju laɪk]
• the Duchess: a woman holding a high noble rank [ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• said to Alice: spoke to Alice [sɛd tɪ ˈælɪs]
• flinging the baby at her: throwing the baby towards Alice [ˈflɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪbi æt hər]
• as she spoke: while she was talking [ɛz ʃi spoʊk]
• I must go and get ready: I need to leave and prepare myself [aɪ məst goʊ ənd gɪt ˈrɛdi]
• to play croquet with the Queen: to participate in a game of croquet with the Queen [tɪ pleɪ kroʊˈkeɪ wɪθ ðə kwin]
• and she hurried out of the room: and she quickly left the room [ənd ʃi ˈhərid aʊt əv ðə rum]

The cook threw a frying-pan after her as she went out, but it just missed her.

• The cook: The person who prepares the meals [ðə kʊk]
• threw a frying-pan after her: tossed a cooking pan in her direction [θru ə frying-pan ˈæftər hər]
• as she went out: while she was exiting [ɛz ʃi wɛnt aʊt]
• but it just missed her: but the frying-pan did not hit her [bət ɪt ʤɪst mɪst hər]

Alice caught the baby with some difficulty, as it was a queer-shaped little creature, and held out its arms and legs in all directions, 'just like a star-fish,' thought Alice.

• Alice caught the baby: Alice grabbed the baby [ˈælɪs kɔt ðə ˈbeɪbi]
• with some difficulty: not easily; with effort [wɪθ səm ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti]
• as it was a queer-shaped little creature: because it was an oddly shaped small being [ɛz ɪt wɑz ə queer-shaped ˈlɪtəl ˈkriʧər]
• and held out its arms and legs in all directions: and extended its limbs randomly [ənd hɛld aʊt ɪts ɑrmz ənd lɛgz ɪn ɔl dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz]
• just like a star-fish: resembling a star-fish [ʤɪst laɪk ə star-fish]
• thought Alice: Alice considered [θɔt ˈælɪs]

The poor little thing was snorting like a steam-engine when she caught it, and kept doubling itself up and straightening itself out again, so that altogether, for the first minute or two, it was as much as she could do to hold it.

• The poor little thing: The unfortunate small baby [ðə pur ˈlɪtəl θɪŋ]
• was snorting like a steam-engine: was making loud, harsh breathing sounds similar to a steam-engine [wɑz sˈnɔrtɪŋ laɪk ə steam-engine]
• when she caught it: when Alice grabbed the baby [wɪn ʃi kɔt ɪt]
• and kept doubling itself up: and continued to curl into a folded position [ənd kɛpt ˈdəbəlɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf əp]
• and straightening itself out again: and then extending back to a straight position [ənd ˈstreɪtənɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf aʊt əˈgɛn]
• so that altogether: therefore, in total [soʊ ðət ˌɔltəˈgɛðər]
• for the first minute or two: during the initial short period of time [fər ðə fərst ˈmɪnət ər tu]
• it was as much as she could do: it was all she could manage [ɪt wɑz ɛz məʧ ɛz ʃi kʊd du]
• to hold it: to keep holding the baby [tɪ hoʊld ɪt]

As soon as she had made out the proper way of nursing it, (which was to twist it up into a sort of knot, and then keep tight hold of its right ear and left foot, so as to prevent its undoing itself,) she carried it out into the open air. 'IF I don't take this child away with me,' thought Alice, 'they're sure to kill it in a day or two: wouldn't it be murder to leave it behind?' She said the last words out loud, and the little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time). 'Don't grunt,' said Alice; 'that's not at all a proper way of expressing yourself.'

• As soon as: Immediately after [ɛz sun ɛz]
• she had made out: she had understood or figured out [ʃi hæd meɪd aʊt]
• the proper way: the correct or suitable method [ðə ˈprɑpər weɪ]
• of nursing it: of taking care of it, in this context, likely referring to a baby or animal [əv ˈnərsɪŋ ɪt]
• which was: referring back to the proper way [wɪʧ wɑz]
• to twist it up: to wind or coil it into a particular shape [tɪ twɪst ɪt əp]
• into a sort of knot: into something resembling a knot [ˈɪntu ə sɔrt əv nɑt]
• and then: following that [ənd ðɛn]
• keep tight hold: maintain a firm grip [kip taɪt hoʊld]
• of its right ear and left foot: specific body parts of the 'it' being nursed [əv ɪts raɪt ɪr ənd lɛft fʊt]
• so as to: in order to [soʊ ɛz tɪ]
• prevent its undoing itself: stop it from unraveling or falling apart [prɪˈvɛnt ɪts ənˈduɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf]
• she carried it out: she took it outside [ʃi ˈkɛrid ɪt aʊt]
• into the open air: outside, where there is fresh air [ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊpən ɛr]
• IF I don't take this child away with me: Alice's internal thought expressing her intention to take the child [ɪf aɪ doʊnt teɪk ðɪs ʧaɪld əˈweɪ wɪθ mi]
• thought Alice: indicates that the preceding words were Alice's thoughts [θɔt ˈælɪs]
• they're sure: contraction of 'they are sure', meaning they are certain [ðɛr ʃʊr]
• to kill it: to cause its death [tɪ kɪl ɪt]
• in a day or two: within a short period of time, one or two days [ɪn ə deɪ ər tu]
• wouldn't it be murder: questioning whether it would be a morally wrong act of killing [ˈwʊdənt ɪt bi ˈmərdər]
• to leave it behind: to abandon it [tɪ liv ɪt bɪˈhaɪnd]
• She said: She spoke [ ʃi sɛd]
• the last words: referring to the words she had just thought [ðə læst wərdz]
• out loud: spoken audibly [aʊt laʊd]
• and the little thing: referring to the baby or animal [ənd ðə ˈlɪtəl θɪŋ]
• grunted in reply: made a low, guttural sound as a response [ˈgrəntɪd ɪn rɪˈplaɪ]
• it had left off: it had stopped [ɪt hæd lɛft ɔf]
• sneezing by this time: no longer sneezing at this point [sˈnizɪŋ baɪ ðɪs taɪm]
• Don't grunt: an instruction not to make a grunting sound [doʊnt grənt]
• said Alice: Alice speaking [sɛd ˈælɪs]
• that's not at all: that is definitely not [ðæts nɑt æt ɔl]
• a proper way: a suitable or correct manner [ə ˈprɑpər weɪ]
• of expressing yourself: of communicating your feelings or thoughts [əv ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf]

The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into its face to see what was the matter with it.

• The baby: Refers to a young child, typically an infant [ðə ˈbeɪbi]
• grunted: Made a low, guttural sound [ˈgrəntɪd]
• again: One more time; repeating a previous action [əˈgɛn]
• and: Connects two related clauses [ənd]
• Alice: A proper noun, referring to a specific character [ˈælɪs]
• looked: Used her eyes to observe [lʊkt]
• very anxiously: With a great deal of worry and concern [ˈvɛri ˈæŋkʃəsli]
• into its face: Towards the baby's face [ˈɪntu ɪts feɪs]
• to see: In order to find out [tɪ si]
• what was the matter with it: What was wrong or causing distress to the baby [wət wɑz ðə ˈmætər wɪθ ɪt]

There could be no doubt that it had a VERY turn-up nose, much more like a snout than a real nose; also its eyes were getting extremely small for a baby: altogether Alice did not like the look of the thing at all. 'But perhaps it was only sobbing,' she thought, and looked into its eyes again, to see if there were any tears.

• There could be: It was possible that [ðɛr kʊd bi]
• no doubt: Without any uncertainty [noʊ daʊt]
• that: Introducing a clause stating the reason for the certainty [ðət]
• it had: The baby possessed [ɪt hæd]
• a VERY turn-up nose: A nose that is noticeably upturned at the end [ə ˈvɛri turn-up noʊz]
• much more like: More similar to [məʧ mɔr laɪk]
• a snout: The projecting nose and mouth of an animal, such as a pig [ə snaʊt]
• than: Used to make a comparison [ðən]
• a real nose: A typical human nose [ə ril noʊz]
• also: In addition; furthermore [ˈɔlsoʊ]
• its eyes: The baby's eyes [ɪts aɪz]
• were getting: Becoming; changing to be [wər ˈgɪtɪŋ]
• extremely small: Very tiny in size [ɪkˈstrimli smɔl]
• for a baby: Considering it was a baby, the size was unusual [fər ə ˈbeɪbi]
• altogether: Considering everything; in conclusion [ˌɔltəˈgɛðər]
• Alice: Referring to the character Alice [ˈælɪs]
• did not like: Was not pleased with [dɪd nɑt laɪk]
• the look of the thing: The appearance of the baby [ðə lʊk əv ðə θɪŋ]
• at all: In any way; to any extent [æt ɔl]
• But perhaps: However, it was possible that [bət pərˈhæps]
• it was only sobbing: The baby was just crying [ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈsɑbɪŋ]
• she thought: Alice considered [ʃi θɔt]
• and: Connecting two related actions [ənd]
• looked into its eyes: Observed the baby's eyes closely [lʊkt ˈɪntu ɪts aɪz]
• again: Once more; repeating the action [əˈgɛn]
• to see: In order to determine [tɪ si]
• if there were any tears: Whether or not the baby was crying [ɪf ðɛr wər ˈɛni tɪrz]