Alice's adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll- page 46

She had quite forgotten the Duchess by this time, and was a little startled when she heard her voice close to her ear. 'You're thinking about something, my dear, and that makes you forget to talk.

• She: third-person singular pronoun, referring to a female [ʃi]
• had: auxiliary verb, indicating past perfect tense [hæd]
• quite: completely; entirely [kwaɪt]
• forgotten: past participle of 'forget', meaning to have ceased to remember [fərˈgɑtən]
• the Duchess: referring to a specific female noble with the title of Duchess [ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• by this time: at this point; now [baɪ ðɪs taɪm]
• and: conjunction, connecting two clauses [ənd]
• was: past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• a little: slightly; somewhat [ə ˈlɪtəl]
• startled: surprised or alarmed [ˈstɑrtəld]
• when: conjunction, introducing a time clause [wɪn]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to a female [ʃi]
• heard: past tense of 'hear', meaning to perceive with the ear [hərd]
• her: possessive pronoun, referring to the Duchess [hər]
• voice: the sound produced by a person's vocal cords [vɔɪs]
• close to: near to; in proximity to [kloʊz tɪ]
• her: possessive pronoun, referring to Alice [hər]
• ear: the organ of hearing [ɪr]
• You're: contraction of 'you are' [jʊr]
• thinking: present participle of 'think', meaning to have thoughts or consider something [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
• about: regarding; concerning [əˈbaʊt]
• something: an unspecified thing [ˈsəmθɪŋ]
• my dear: a term of endearment [maɪ dɪr]
• and: conjunction, connecting two clauses [ənd]
• that: pronoun, referring to the previous statement [ðət]
• makes: third-person singular present tense of 'make', meaning to cause [meɪks]
• you: second-person singular pronoun [ju]
• forget: to fail to remember [fərˈgɛt]
• to talk: to speak [tɪ tɔk]

'Perhaps it hasn't one,' Alice ventured to remark.

• Perhaps: possibly; maybe [pərˈhæps]
• it: pronoun, referring to something previously mentioned or understood [ɪt]
• hasn't: contraction of 'has not' [ˈhæzənt]
• one: pronoun, referring to a moral [wən]
• Alice: name of a person [ˈælɪs]
• ventured: dared to say something [ˈvɛnʧərd]
• to remark: to say something as a comment [tɪ rɪˈmɑrk]

'Tut, tut, child!' said the Duchess. 'Everything's got a moral, if only you can find it.' And she squeezed herself up closer to Alice's side as she spoke.

• Tut, tut, child: an expression of mild disapproval or impatience [tət tət ʧaɪld]
• said: past tense of 'say', meaning to utter words [sɛd]
• the Duchess: referring to a specific female noble with the title of Duchess [ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• Everything's: contraction of 'everything is' [ˈɛvriˌθɪŋz]
• got: has [gɑt]
• a moral: a lesson or principle to be learned [ə ˈmɔrəl]
• if: conditional conjunction [ɪf]
• only: just; merely [ˈoʊnli]
• you: second-person singular pronoun [ju]
• can: to be able to [kən]
• find: to discover or locate [faɪnd]
• it: pronoun, referring to the moral [ɪt]
• And: conjunction, connecting two clauses [ənd]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to the Duchess [ʃi]
• squeezed: pressed tightly [skwizd]
• herself: reflexive pronoun, referring to the Duchess [hərˈsɛlf]
• up: closer [əp]
• closer: in closer proximity [ˈkloʊzər]
• to: preposition, indicating direction [tɪ]
• Alice's: possessive form of Alice [ˈælɪsəz]
• side: the area next to someone [saɪd]
• as: while [ɛz]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to the Duchess [ʃi]
• spoke: past tense of 'speak', meaning to say words [spoʊk]

Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the Duchess was VERY ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin upon Alice's shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin.

• Alice: name of a person [ˈælɪs]
• did: auxiliary verb, used for emphasis or to form questions/negations in the past tense [dɪd]
• not: negative particle [nɑt]
• much: to a great extent; a lot [məʧ]
• like: to enjoy or be fond of [laɪk]
• keeping: remaining or staying [ˈkipɪŋ]
• so: to such a degree [soʊ]
• close: near [kloʊz]
• to: preposition, indicating proximity [tɪ]
• her: possessive pronoun, referring to the Duchess [hər]
• first: initially; firstly [fərst]
• because: for the reason that [bɪˈkəz]
• the Duchess: referring to a specific female noble with the title of Duchess [ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• was: past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• VERY: extremely; greatly [ˈvɛri]
• ugly: unpleasant to look at [ˈəgli]
• and: conjunction, connecting two clauses [ənd]
• secondly: in the second place; secondly [ˈsɛkəndli]
• because: for the reason that [bɪˈkəz]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to the Duchess [ʃi]
• was: past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• exactly: precisely; accurately [ɪgˈzæktli]
• the right: correct [ðə raɪt]
• height: the measurement from base to top [haɪt]
• to: in order to [tɪ]
• rest: to place or support [rɛst]
• her: possessive pronoun, referring to the Duchess [hər]
• chin: the part of the face below the mouth [ʧɪn]
• upon: on [əˈpɑn]
• Alice's: possessive form of Alice [ˈælɪsəz]
• shoulder: the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm [ˈʃoʊldər]
• and: conjunction, connecting two clauses [ənd]
• it: pronoun, referring to the Duchess's chin being on Alice's shoulder [ɪt]
• was: past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• an: indefinite article, used before a vowel sound [ən]
• uncomfortably: in an uncomfortable manner [ənˈkəmftəbli]
• sharp: having a thin edge or point [ʃɑrp]
• chin: the part of the face below the mouth [ʧɪn]

However, she did not like to be rude, so she bore it as well as she could.

• However: nevertheless; despite this [ˌhaʊˈɛvər]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to Alice [ʃi]
• did: auxiliary verb, used for emphasis or to form questions/negations in the past tense [dɪd]
• not: negative particle [nɑt]
• like: to want [laɪk]
• to be: to act in a certain way [tɪ bi]
• rude: impolite or offensive [rud]
• so: therefore; as a result [soʊ]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to Alice [ʃi]
• bore: past tense of 'bear', meaning to endure [bɔr]
• it: pronoun, referring to the situation [ɪt]
• as well as: to the best of her ability [ɛz wɛl ɛz]
• she: third-person singular pronoun, referring to Alice [ʃi]
• could: past tense of 'can', indicating ability [kʊd]

'The game's going on rather better now,' she said, by way of keeping up the conversation a little.

• The game's: contraction of 'The game is', indicating the current state or progress of the game [ðə geɪmz]
• going on: progressing; continuing; happening [goʊɪŋ ɔn]
• rather better: somewhat improved; slightly better than before [ˈrəðər ˈbɛtər]
• now: at the present time; currently [naʊ]
• she said: an attribution to the speaker, indicating who is speaking [ ʃi sɛd]
• by way of: as a means of; in order to [baɪ weɪ əv]
• keeping up: maintaining; continuing [ˈkipɪŋ əp]
• the conversation: the act of talking; the exchange of words [ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən]
• a little: slightly; to a small extent [ə ˈlɪtəl]

''Tis so,' said the Duchess: 'and the moral of that is—"Oh, 'tis love, 'tis love, that makes the world go round!"'

• Tis so: archaic form of 'It is so,' meaning 'That is true' or 'Indeed' [tɪz soʊ]
• said the Duchess: attribution to the speaker, indicating the Duchess is speaking [sɛd ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• and the moral of that is: introducing the lesson or point to be learned from the preceding statement [ənd ðə ˈmɔrəl əv ðət ɪz-]
• that makes the world go round: a figurative expression suggesting that love is the driving force behind everything [ðət meɪks ðə wərld goʊ raʊnd]

'Somebody said,' Alice whispered, 'that it's done by everybody minding their own business!'

• Somebody said: an unspecified person made a statement [ˈsəmˌbɑdi sɛd]
• Alice whispered: attribution to the speaker, indicating Alice is speaking softly [ˈælɪs ˈwɪspərd]
• that it's: contraction of 'that it is', referring to something previously mentioned or understood [ðət ɪts]
• done: accomplished; performed; carried out [dən]
• by everybody: by each person; by everyone [baɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi]
• minding: paying attention to; taking care of [ˈmaɪndɪŋ]
• their own business: focusing on one's own affairs and not interfering in the affairs of others [ðɛr oʊn ˈbɪznɪs]

'Ah, well!

• Ah, well: an expression of mild resignation or acceptance [ɑ wɛl]

'How fond she is of finding morals in things!' Alice thought to herself.

• How fond she is of finding morals in things: Expresses Alice's observation about someone's tendency to extract moral lessons from everyday occurrences. [haʊ fɑnd ʃi ɪz əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈmɔrəlz ɪn θɪŋz]
• Alice thought to herself: Indicates that the preceding thought was internal to Alice. [ˈælɪs θɔt tɪ hərˈsɛlf]

'I dare say you're wondering why I don't put my arm round your waist,' the Duchess said after a pause: 'the reason is, that I'm doubtful about the temper of your flamingo.

• I dare say: An expression meaning 'I suppose' or 'I imagine' [aɪ dɛr seɪ]
• you're wondering: contraction of 'you are wondering', expressing curiosity or speculation [jʊr ˈwəndərɪŋ]
• why I don't put my arm round your waist: expressing the reason for not embracing someone [waɪ aɪ doʊnt pʊt maɪ ɑrm raʊnd jʊr weɪst]
• the Duchess said after a pause: Indicates that the Duchess spoke after a brief silence [ðə ˈdəʧəs sɛd ˈæftər ə pɔz]
• the reason is, that I'm doubtful: Explains the cause of hesitation or uncertainty [ðə ˈrizən ɪz ðət əm ˈdaʊtfəl]
• about the temper of your flamingo: Expresses concern about the flamingo's disposition or mood. [əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtɛmpər əv jʊr fləˈmɪŋgoʊ]

'HE might bite,' Alice cautiously replied, not feeling at all anxious to have the experiment tried.

• HE might bite: Suggests a potential action of biting, referring to the flamingo [hi maɪt baɪt]
• Alice cautiously replied: Indicates that Alice responded with care and prudence [ˈælɪs ˈkɔʃəsli rɪˈplaɪd]
• not feeling at all anxious: Expresses a lack of eagerness or desire [nɑt ˈfilɪŋ æt ɔl ˈæŋʃəs]
• to have the experiment tried: Indicates a reluctance to undergo the proposed test. [tɪ hæv ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt traɪd]

'Very true,' said the Duchess: 'flamingoes and mustard both bite.

• Very true: Agreement with a previous statement [ˈvɛri tru]
• said the Duchess: Indicates that the Duchess is speaking [sɛd ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• flamingoes and mustard both bite: Compares the biting nature of flamingoes and mustard. [flamingoes ənd ˈməstərd boʊθ baɪt]

'Only mustard isn't a bird,' Alice remarked.

• Only mustard isn't a bird: Corrects a previous statement by pointing out that mustard is not a bird. [ˈoʊnli ˈməstərd ˈɪzənt ə bərd]
• Alice remarked: Indicates that Alice made an observation. [ˈælɪs rɪˈmɑrkt]

'Right, as usual,' said the Duchess: 'what a clear way you have of putting things!'

• Right, as usual: An expression indicating agreement or acknowledgement, often with a hint of resignation or sarcasm. 'Right' signifies agreement, 'as usual' implies that the situation is typical or expected. [raɪt ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating who is speaking [sɛd]
• the Duchess: identifies the speaker as the Duchess [ðə ˈdəʧəs]
• what a clear way: exclamation expressing admiration for someone's ability to explain things lucidly [wət ə klɪr weɪ]
• you have: indicates possession of a quality or skill [ju hæv]
• of putting things: refers to the manner in which someone expresses or explains something. The exclamation mark emphasizes the admiration. [əv ˈpʊtɪŋ θɪŋz]

'It's a mineral, I THINK,' said Alice.

• It's: contraction of 'it is' [ɪts]
• a mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure [ə ˈmɪnərəl]
• I THINK: indicates uncertainty or speculation [aɪ θɪŋk]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating who is speaking [sɛd]
• Alice: identifies the speaker as Alice [ˈælɪs]