Animal Farm by George Orwell- page 36

With one accord they dashed down to the spot.

• With one accord: unanimously; in complete agreement [wɪθ wən əˈkɔrd]
• they: refers to a group of people or animals previously mentioned [ðeɪ]
• dashed: moved quickly and suddenly [dæʃt]
• down: in a downward direction [daʊn]
• to: towards; indicating direction [tɪ]
• the spot: a particular place or location [ðə spɑt]

Napoleon, who seldom moved out of a walk, raced ahead of them all.

• Napoleon: a proper noun, likely referring to a character's name [nəˈpoʊljən]
• who: a relative pronoun, referring back to Napoleon [hu]
• seldom: rarely; almost never [ˈsɛldəm]
• moved: changed position or location [muvd]
• out of: beyond the limits of [aʊt əv]
• a walk: a slow pace of movement [ə wɔk]
• raced: moved at high speed [reɪst]
• ahead of: in front of [əˈhɛd əv]
• them all: all the others in the group [ðɛm ɔl]

Yes, there it lay, the fruit of all their struggles, levelled to its foundations, the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around.

• Yes: an affirmation or agreement [jɛs]
• there: in or at that place [ðɛr]
• it: refers to something previously mentioned [ɪt]
• lay: was situated; was in a resting position [leɪ]
• the fruit: the result or outcome [ðə frut]
• of: belonging to or associated with [əv]
• all: the entirety of [ɔl]
• their: belonging to them [ðɛr]
• struggles: efforts or battles [ˈstrəgəlz]
• levelled: reduced to a flat and even surface [ˈlɛvəld]
• to: down to [tɪ]
• its: belonging to it [ɪts]
• foundations: the base or groundwork of something [faʊnˈdeɪʃənz]
• the stones: individual rocks or pieces of rock [ðə stoʊnz]
• they: refers to the same group as 'they' earlier [ðeɪ]
• had broken: had shattered or fractured [hæd ˈbroʊkən]
• and: used to connect words or phrases [ənd]
• carried: transported or moved [ˈkɛrid]
• so: to such a great extent [soʊ]
• laboriously: with great effort and difficulty [ləˈbɔriəsli]
• scattered: spread out in a disorganized way [ˈskætərd]
• all around: in every direction [ɔl əraʊnd]

Unable at first to speak, they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone.

• Unable: not able; lacking the capacity [əˈneɪbəl]
• at first: initially; in the beginning [æt fərst]
• to speak: to utter words [tɪ spik]
• they: refers to the group from the beginning [ðeɪ]
• stood: remained in an upright position [stʊd]
• gazing: looking intently [ˈgeɪzɪŋ]
• mournfully: in a sad or sorrowful manner [mournfully]
• at: directed towards [æt]
• the litter: a collection of things lying around messily [ðə ˈlɪtər]
• of: consisting of [əv]
• fallen: having dropped or collapsed [ˈfɑlən]
• stone: rock [stoʊn]

Napoleon paced to and fro in silence, occasionally snuffing at the ground.

• Napoleon: the character's name [nəˈpoʊljən]
• paced: walked with slow or regular movements [peɪst]
• to and fro: backwards and forwards [tɪ ənd froʊ]
• in silence: without speaking [ɪn ˈsaɪləns]
• occasionally: sometimes but not often [ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli]
• snuffing: smelling or sniffing audibly [sˈnəfɪŋ]
• at: towards [æt]
• the ground: the earth's surface [ðə graʊnd]

His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side, a sign in him of intense mental activity.

• His: belonging to him, Napoleon [hɪz]
• tail: the appendage extending from the rear of an animal's body [teɪl]
• had grown: had become [hæd groʊn]
• rigid: stiff and unbending [ˈrɪʤɪd]
• and: connecting word [ənd]
• twitched: gave a sudden, involuntary jerk [twɪʧt]
• sharply: suddenly and quickly [ˈʃɑrpli]
• from side to side: moving from one side to the other [frəm saɪd tɪ saɪd]
• a sign: an indication [ə saɪn]
• in him: within him, Napoleon [ɪn ɪm]
• of: indicating association or belonging [əv]
• intense: extreme; very strong [ˌɪnˈtɛns]
• mental: relating to the mind [ˈmɛntəl]
• activity: the state of being active or energetic [ækˈtɪvɪti]

Suddenly he halted as though his mind were made up.

• Suddenly: quickly and unexpectedly [ˈsədənli]
• he: Napoleon [hi]
• halted: stopped [ˈhɔltɪd]
• as though: as if [ɛz ðoʊ]
• his: Napoleon's [hɪz]
• mind: his thoughts and intentions [maɪnd]
• were made up: had reached a decision [wər meɪd əp]

‘Comrades,’ he said quietly, ‘do you know who is responsible for this?

• Comrades: A term of address, suggesting shared aims and fellowship, often used among socialists or communists. [‘‘comrades’*’]
• he: Referring to a character, likely a leader or speaker in the context. [hi]
• said: Spoke; uttered words. [sɛd]
• quietly: In a soft or subdued manner. [kˈwaɪətli]
• do: Auxiliary verb used to form questions or emphatic statements. [‘‘do]
• you: Referring to the audience or listeners. [ju]
• know: To be aware of; to have information about. [noʊ]
• who: Asking for the identity of a person. [hu]
• is: Linking verb, connecting the subject to the predicate. [ɪz]
• responsible: Accountable or to blame for something. [riˈspɑnsəbəl]
• for: Indicating the reason or cause of something. [fər]
• this: Referring to a specific event or situation that is being discussed. [ðɪs]

Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill?

• Do: Auxiliary verb used to form questions or emphatic statements. [du]
• you: Referring to the audience or listeners. [ju]
• know: To be aware of; to have information about. [noʊ]
• the: Definite article, specifying a particular enemy. [ðə]
• enemy: A person or group that is hostile or opposes someone. [ˈɛnəmi]
• who: Referring to the enemy. [hu]
• has: Auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect tense. [həz]
• come: To arrive or appear. [kəm]
• in: Indicating location or time. [ɪn]
• the: Definite article, specifying a particular night. [ðə]
• night: The period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. [naɪt]
• and: Conjunction, connecting two clauses or phrases. [ənd]
• overthrown: To remove forcibly from power; to topple. [ˌoʊvərθˈroʊn]
• our: Possessive pronoun, indicating belonging to a group. [ɑr]
• windmill: A structure with sails that convert wind power into rotational energy, often used for grinding grain. [ˈwɪndˌmɪl]

SNOWBALL!’ he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder, ‘Snowball has done this thing!

• SNOWBALL: The name of a character, likely an antagonist. [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• he: Referring to the speaker. [hi]
• suddenly: Quickly and unexpectedly. [ˈsədənli]
• roared: To utter a loud, deep cry or shout. [rɔrd]
• in: Indicating the manner of speaking. [ɪn]
• a: Indefinite article, introducing a noun. [ə]
• voice: The sound produced by the vocal organs. [vɔɪs]
• of: Indicating possession or origin. [əv]
• thunder: A loud, booming noise caused by a rapid expansion of air along the path of an electrical discharge. [ˈθəndər]
• Snowball: Referring to the character named Snowball. [‘‘snowball]
• has: Auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect tense. [həz]
• done: To perform or carry out an action. [dən]
• this: Referring to a specific action or event. [ðɪs]
• thing: An unspecified object or action. [θɪŋ]

In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion, this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year.

• In: Indicating the manner or cause of something. [ɪn]
• sheer: Pure; unmixed. [ʃɪr]
• malignity: Intense ill will or hatred. [malignity]
• thinking: Using one's mind to consider or reason about something. [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
• to: Indicating purpose or intention. [tɪ]
• set: To place or put in a specified position. [sɛt]
• back: To impede the progress of. [bæk]
• our: Possessive pronoun, indicating belonging to a group. [ɑr]
• plans: A detailed proposal for doing or achieving something. [plænz]
• and: Conjunction, connecting two clauses or phrases. [ənd]
• avenge: To inflict harm in return for an injury or wrong done to oneself or another. [əˈvɛnʤ]
• himself: Reflexive pronoun, referring back to Snowball. [hɪmˈsɛlf]
• for: Indicating the reason or cause of something. [fər]
• his: Possessive pronoun, indicating belonging to Snowball. [hɪz]
• ignominious: Deserving or causing public disgrace or shame. [ˌɪgnəˈmɪniəs]
• expulsion: The act of forcing someone to leave a place or organization. [ɪkˈspəlʃən]
• this: Referring to a specific person. [ðɪs]
• traitor: A person who betrays a trust or is disloyal. [ˈtreɪtər]
• has: Auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect tense. [həz]
• crept: To move slowly and carefully in order to avoid being noticed. [krɛpt]
• here: In or at this place. [hir]
• under: Indicating a condition or situation. [ˈəndər]
• cover: Something that provides protection or concealment. [ˈkəvər]
• of: Indicating possession or origin. [əv]
• night: The period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. [naɪt]
• and: Conjunction, connecting two clauses or phrases. [ənd]
• destroyed: To ruin or put an end to something. [dɪˈstrɔɪd]
• our: Possessive pronoun, indicating belonging to a group. [ɑr]
• work: Activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result. [wərk]
• of: Indicating duration or extent. [əv]
• nearly: Almost; very close to. [ˈnɪrli]
• a: Indefinite article, introducing a noun. [ə]
• year: A period of twelve months. [jɪr]

Comrades, here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. “Animal Hero, Second Class”, and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice.

• Comrades: A term of address, suggesting shared aims and fellowship, often used among socialists or communists. [ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• here: In or at this place. [hir]
• and: Conjunction, connecting two clauses or phrases. [ənd]
• now: At the present time. [naʊ]
• I: First-person singular pronoun, referring to the speaker. [aɪ]
• pronounce: To declare or announce formally. [prəˈnaʊns]
• the: Definite article, specifying a particular sentence. [ðə]
• death: The end of life. [dɛθ]
• sentence: The punishment assigned to a defendant found guilty by a court. [ˈsɛntəns]
• upon: Formal way to say 'on'. [əˈpɑn]
• Snowball: Referring to the character named Snowball. [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• Animal: Relating to animals. [ˈænəməl]
• Hero: A person admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. [ˈhɪroʊ]
• Second: Coming after the first in order or position. [ˈsɛkənd]
• Class: A category or rank. [klæs]
• and: Conjunction, connecting two clauses or phrases. [ənd]
• half: One of two equal or nearly equal parts into which something is or can be divided. [hæf]
• a: Indefinite article, introducing a noun. [ə]
• bushel: A unit of capacity equal to 8 gallons, used for dry goods. [ˈbʊʃəl]
• of: Indicating quantity or content. [əv]
• apples: A round fruit with firm, whitish flesh and a green, red, or yellow skin. [ˈæpəlz]
• to: Indicating the recipient of something. [tɪ]
• any: One or some or every of a number of things, without specification. [ˈɛni]
• animal: A living organism that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli. [ˈænəməl]
• who: Referring to the animal. [hu]
• brings: To take or carry someone or something to a place or person. [brɪŋz]
• him: Referring to Snowball. [ɪm]
• to: Indicating direction or purpose. [tɪ]
• justice: Fairness; the quality of being just. [ˈʤəstɪs]

The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action.

• The: Definite article, referring to specific animals previously mentioned or known [ðə]
• animals: Living creatures that are not human beings [ˈænəməlz]
• were shocked: Past tense of 'to be shocked', meaning surprised and upset [wər ʃɑkt]
• beyond measure: To an extreme degree; greatly [bɪɔnd ˈmɛʒər]
• to learn: To find out or discover [tɪ lərn]
• that: Conjunction introducing a subordinate clause [ðət]
• even: Used to emphasize something surprising or unexpected [ˈivɪn]
• Snowball: Name of a character, likely an animal in the story [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• could be: Expressing possibility or potential [kʊd bi]
• guilty: Responsible for doing something wrong [ˈgɪlti]
• of: Preposition indicating association or connection [əv]
• such an action: A particular deed or behavior, implied to be negative [səʧ ən ˈækʃən]

There was a cry of indignation, and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back.

• There was: Indicates the existence of something [ðɛr wɑz]
• a cry: A loud expression of emotion or pain [ə kraɪ]
• of indignation: Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment [əv ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃən]
• and: Conjunction connecting two clauses [ənd]
• everyone: All the people present or being referred to [ˈɛvriˌwən]
• began: Started to do something [bɪˈgæn]
• thinking out: Considering or devising [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ aʊt]
• ways: Methods or means [weɪz]
• of catching: Of capturing or apprehending [əv ˈkæʧɪŋ]
• Snowball: Referring to the character Snowball [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• if: Conditional conjunction [ɪf]
• he: Pronoun referring to Snowball [hi]
• should: Expressing a possibility or condition [ʃʊd]
• ever: At any time [ˈɛvər]
• come back: Return to a place [kəm bæk]

Almost immediately the footprints of a pig were discovered in the grass at a little distance from the knoll.

• Almost immediately: Very quickly; nearly instantly [ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli]
• the footprints: Marks left by feet or paws [ðə ˈfʊtˌprɪnts]
• of a pig: Belonging to a pig [əv ə pɪg]
• were discovered: Were found or noticed [wər dɪˈskəvərd]
• in the grass: On the grassy area [ɪn ðə græs]
• at: Preposition indicating location [æt]
• a little distance: A short way away [ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪstəns]
• from: Preposition indicating separation or origin [frəm]
• the knoll: A small hill or mound [ðə noʊl]

They could only be traced for a few yards, but appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge.

• They: Pronoun referring to the footprints [ðeɪ]
• could only be: Were only able to be [kʊd ˈoʊnli bi]
• traced: Followed or tracked [treɪst]
• for: Indicating duration [fər]
• a few yards: A short distance, measured in yards [ə fju jɑrdz]
• but: Conjunction introducing a contrast [bət]
• appeared: Seemed or gave the impression [əˈpɪrd]
• to lead: To go in a particular direction [tɪ lɛd]
• to: Preposition indicating direction [tɪ]
• a hole: An opening or gap [ə hoʊl]
• in the hedge: In a row of bushes forming a boundary [ɪn ðə hɛʤ]

Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's.

• Napoleon: Name of a character [nəˈpoʊljən]
• snuffed: Inhaled audibly through the nose [snəft]
• deeply: Intensely or thoroughly [ˈdipli]
• at them: At the footprints [æt ðɛm]
• and: Conjunction connecting two actions [ənd]
• pronounced: Declared or stated formally [prəˈnaʊnst]
• them: Referring to the footprints [ðɛm]
• to be: To be identified as [tɪ bi]
• Snowball's: Belonging to Snowball [sˈnoʊˌbɔlz]

He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm.

• He: Pronoun referring to Napoleon [hi]
• gave it: Expressed or stated [geɪv ɪt]
• as his opinion: As his personal belief or judgment [ɛz hɪz əˈpɪnjən]
• that: Conjunction introducing a clause [ðət]
• Snowball: Referring to the character Snowball [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• had probably: Most likely had [hæd ˈprɑbəˌbli]
• come: Arrived or originated [kəm]
• from: Preposition indicating origin [frəm]
• the direction: The way or area [ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn]
• of: Preposition indicating location or association [əv]
• Foxwood Farm: Name of a farm [ˈfɑksˌwʊd fɑrm]

‘No more delays, comrades!’ cried Napoleon when the footprints had been examined. ‘There is work to be done.

• No more delays, comrades: An exclamation indicating that there should be no further postponements or hesitations, addressing the group as 'comrades' [‘‘no mɔr dɪˈleɪz ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• cried: shouted or exclaimed loudly [kraɪd]
• Napoleon: referring to a specific character named Napoleon [nəˈpoʊljən]
• when: at the time that [wɪn]
• the footprints: marks left by feet or shoes [ðə ˈfʊtˌprɪnts]
• had been examined: had been inspected or analyzed [hæd bɪn ɪgˈzæmənd]
• There is: indicates the existence of something [‘‘there ɪz]
• work to be done: tasks or labor that needs to be accomplished [wərk tɪ bi dən]

This very morning we begin rebuilding the windmill, and we will build all through the winter, rain or shine.

• This very morning: emphasizes the immediacy of the action, meaning this specific morning [ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈmɔrnɪŋ]
• we begin: the start of an action by a group [wi bɪˈgɪn]
• rebuilding: the act of constructing something again [riˈbɪldɪŋ]
• the windmill: a structure that uses wind power to grind grain or perform other tasks [ðə ˈwɪndˌmɪl]
• and: connecting two related actions [ ənd]
• we will build: future action of construction [wi wɪl bɪld]
• all through: during the entire period of [ɔl θru]
• the winter: the coldest season of the year [ðə ˈwɪntər]
• rain or shine: regardless of the weather conditions [ reɪn ər ʃaɪn]

We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily.

• We will teach: we will show or demonstrate to [wi wɪl tiʧ]
• this miserable traitor: a despicable person who betrays trust [ðɪs ˈmɪzərəbəl ˈtreɪtər]
• that: introducing a clause explaining what will be taught [ðət]
• he cannot undo: he is unable to reverse or destroy [hi ˈkænɑt ənˈdu]
• our work: the tasks or projects we have completed [ɑr wərk]
• so easily: with little effort or difficulty [soʊ ˈizəli]

Remember, comrades, there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be carried out to the day.

• Remember, comrades: a call to attention, addressing the group as 'comrades' [rɪˈmɛmbər ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• there must be: it is essential that there is [ ðɛr məst bi]
• no alteration: no change or modification [noʊ ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən]
• in our plans: the strategies or schemes we have devised [ɪn ɑr plænz]
• they shall be: they will be [ðeɪ ʃæl bi]
• carried out: executed or completed [ˈkɛrid aʊt]
• to the day: exactly as scheduled [tɪ ðə deɪ]

Forward, comrades!

• Forward, comrades: an order to move ahead, addressing the group as 'comrades' [ˈfɔrwərd ˈkɑmˌrædz]

Long live the windmill!

• Long live: a phrase wishing continued success or existence to [lɔŋ lɪv]
• the windmill: the structure being celebrated [ðə ˈwɪndˌmɪl]