The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 39

He did not dream of the lions but instead of a vast school of porpoises that stretched for eight or ten miles and it was in the time of their mating and they would leap high into the air and return into the same hole they had made in the water when they leaped.

• He: referring to a male person [hi]
• did not dream: did not experience dreams during sleep [dɪd nɑt drim]
• of: concerning; about [əv]
• the lions: plural of lion, a large carnivorous feline [ðə laɪənz]
• but: however; on the contrary [bət]
• instead of: in place of; rather than [ˌɪnˈstɛd əv]
• a vast: very large; immense [ə væst]
• school: a large group of fish or marine animals swimming together [skul]
• of porpoises: a group of porpoises, small toothed whales [əv ˈpɔrpəsəz]
• that: introducing a relative clause [ðət]
• stretched: extended; reached [strɛʧt]
• for: over a distance of [fər]
• eight or ten miles: a distance of approximately eight to ten miles [eɪt ər tɛn maɪəlz]
• and: connecting two clauses [ənd]
• it: referring to the time or situation [ɪt]
• was: past tense of 'is' [wɑz]
• in the time: during the period [ɪn ðə taɪm]
• of their mating: when they were reproducing [əv ðɛr ˈmeɪtɪŋ]
• and: connecting two clauses [ənd]
• they: referring to the porpoises [ðeɪ]
• would leap: would jump or spring [wʊd lip]
• high: to a great height [haɪ]
• into: moving to the inside of [ˈɪntu]
• the air: the atmosphere [ðə ɛr]
• and: connecting two clauses [ənd]
• return: go back; come back [rɪˈtərn]
• into: moving to the inside of [ˈɪntu]
• the same hole: the identical opening [ðə seɪm hoʊl]
• they: referring to the porpoises [ðeɪ]
• had made: had created [hæd meɪd]
• in: within [ɪn]
• the water: the body of water [ðə ˈwɔtər]
• when: at the time that [wɪn]
• they: referring to the porpoises [ðeɪ]
• leaped: jumped or sprang [lɛpt]

Then he dreamed that he was in the village on his bed and there was a norther and he was very cold and his right arm was asleep because his head had rested on it instead of a pillow.

• Then: used to indicate sequence or consequence [ðɛn]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• dreamed: experienced a series of thoughts, images, or feelings occurring in a person's mind during sleep [drimd]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• he: refers to the same male person as before [hi]
• was: past tense of 'to be', indicating a state or condition [wɑz]
• in: expressing the situation of something surrounded or enclosed [ɪn]
• the village: a community or group of houses in a rural area, smaller than a town [ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ]
• on: indicating position on a surface [ɔn]
• his bed: a piece of furniture for sleeping or resting on, belonging to him [hɪz bɛd]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• there: used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• was: past tense of 'to be', indicating existence [wɑz]
• a norther: a strong wind from the north [ə ˈnɔrðər]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• was: past tense of 'to be', indicating a state [wɑz]
• very cold: experiencing a low temperature to a great degree [ˈvɛri koʊld]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• his right arm: the arm on the right side of his body [hɪz raɪt ɑrm]
• was asleep: in a state of numbness or lack of sensation, as if sleeping [wɑz əsˈlip]
• because: for the reason that [bɪˈkəz]
• his head: the part of the body above the neck [hɪz hɛd]
• had rested: had been supported or lying down [hæd ˈrɛstɪd]
• on it: on his right arm [ɔn ɪt]
• instead of: in place of [ˌɪnˈstɛd əv]
• a pillow: a cushion used to support the head during sleep [ə ˈpɪloʊ]

After that he began to dream of the long yellow beach and he saw the first of the lions come down onto it in the early dark and then the other lions came and he rested his chin on the wood of the bows where the ship lay anchored with the evening off-shore breeze and he waited to see if there would be more lions and he was happy.

• After that: Following that event or time [ˈæftər ðət]
• he: referring to a male person previously mentioned [hi]
• began: started to do something [bɪˈgæn]
• to dream: to experience dreams during sleep [tɪ drim]
• of: expressing the relationship between a verb and its object [əv]
• the long yellow beach: a beach that is long and has yellow sand [ðə lɔŋ ˈjɛloʊ biʧ]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• saw: perceived with the eyes [sɔ]
• the first: the initial one [ðə fərst]
• of the lions: belonging to the group of lions [əv ðə laɪənz]
• come down: descend or move downwards [kəm daʊn]
• onto it: onto the beach [ˈɔntu ɪt]
• in the early dark: during the beginning of darkness, near dusk [ɪn ðə ˈərli dɑrk]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• then: at that time; next [ðɛn]
• the other lions: the remaining lions [ðə ˈəðər laɪənz]
• came: moved or arrived [keɪm]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• rested: placed or supported [ˈrɛstɪd]
• his chin: the part of the face below the mouth [hɪz ʧɪn]
• on: indicating position on a surface [ɔn]
• the wood: the material of which trees are made [ðə wʊd]
• of the bows: the front part of a ship [əv ðə boʊz]
• where: at or in which place [wɛr]
• the ship: a large boat [ðə ʃɪp]
• lay anchored: was secured in place with an anchor [leɪ ˈæŋkərd]
• with: accompanied by [wɪθ]
• the evening off-shore breeze: a gentle wind blowing from the land towards the sea in the evening [ðə ˈivnɪŋ off-shore briz]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• waited: remained in place or delayed action until a particular time or event [ˈweɪtɪd]
• to see: in order to observe [tɪ si]
• if: expressing a condition or doubt [ɪf]
• there: used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• would be: future tense of 'to be', indicating a possibility [wʊd bi]
• more lions: additional lions [mɔr laɪənz]
• and: connecting clause [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• was happy: feeling or showing pleasure or contentment [wɑz ˈhæpi]

The moon had been up for a long time but he slept on and the fish pulled on steadily and the boat moved into the tunnel of clouds.

• The moon: Earth's only natural satellite [ðə mun]
• had been up: had risen and was visible in the sky [hæd bɪn əp]
• for a long time: for an extended duration [fər ə lɔŋ taɪm]
• but: conjunction indicating contrast [bət]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• slept on: continued sleeping [slɛpt ɔn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the fish: a marine animal [ðə fɪʃ]
• pulled on: exerted a continuous force [pʊld ɔn]
• steadily: at a constant rate or pace [ˈstɛdəli]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the boat: a small vessel for travel on water [ðə boʊt]
• moved into: entered [muvd ˈɪntu]
• the tunnel of clouds: an area where clouds formed a covering resembling a tunnel [ðə ˈtənəl əv klaʊdz]

He woke with the jerk of his right fist coming up against his face and the line burning out through his right hand.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• woke: became conscious after sleeping [woʊk]
• with: preposition indicating accompaniment or means [wɪθ]
• the jerk: a sudden, sharp movement [ðə ʤərk]
• of his right fist: of his closed hand on the right side of his body [əv hɪz raɪt fɪst]
• coming up against: striking or hitting [ˈkəmɪŋ əp əˈgɛnst]
• his face: the front part of the head [hɪz feɪs]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the line: a rope or cord used in fishing [ðə laɪn]
• burning out: moving rapidly due to friction, causing a burning sensation [ˈbərnɪŋ aʊt]
• through: passing through [θru]
• his right hand: the hand on the right side of his body [hɪz raɪt hænd]

He had no feeling of his left hand but he braked all he could with his right and the line rushed out.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• had no feeling: lacked sensation [hæd noʊ ˈfilɪŋ]
• of his left hand: the hand on the left side of his body [əv hɪz lɛft hænd]
• but: conjunction indicating contrast [bət]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• braked: slowed down or stopped [breɪkt]
• all he could: as much as he was able to [ɔl hi kʊd]
• with: using [wɪθ]
• his right: the right side of his body [hɪz raɪt]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the line: a rope or cord used in fishing [ðə laɪn]
• rushed out: moved out quickly [rəʃt aʊt]

Finally his left hand found the line and he leaned back against the line and now it burned his back and his left hand, and his left hand was taking all the strain and cutting badly.

• Finally: after some time [ˈfaɪnəli]
• his left hand: the hand on the left side of his body [hɪz lɛft hænd]
• found: located [faʊnd]
• the line: a rope or cord used in fishing [ðə laɪn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• leaned back: tilted his body backward [lind bæk]
• against: in opposition to [əˈgɛnst]
• the line: a rope or cord used in fishing [ðə laɪn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• it: refers to the line [ɪt]
• burned: caused a burning sensation [bərnd]
• his back: the rear part of his body [hɪz bæk]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• his left hand: the hand on the left side of his body [hɪz lɛft hænd]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• his left hand: the hand on the left side of his body [hɪz lɛft hænd]
• was taking: was bearing [wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ]
• all the strain: the full force or tension [ɔl ðə streɪn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• cutting badly: causing severe cuts or injuries [ˈkətɪŋ ˈbædli]

He looked back at the coils of line and they were feeding smoothly.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• looked back: turned his head to see behind him [lʊkt bæk]
• at: preposition indicating direction [æt]
• the coils of line: the circular loops of rope [ðə kɔɪlz əv laɪn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• they: refers to the coils of line [ðeɪ]
• were feeding: were unwinding or releasing [wər ˈfidɪŋ]
• smoothly: without obstruction or difficulty [sˈmuðli]

Just then the fish jumped making a great bursting of the ocean and then a heavy fall.

• Just then: at that precise moment [ʤɪst ðɛn]
• the fish: a marine animal [ðə fɪʃ]
• jumped: leapt out of the water [ʤəmpt]
• making: creating [ˈmeɪkɪŋ]
• a great bursting: a large, forceful eruption [ə greɪt ˈbərstɪŋ]
• of the ocean: of the sea [əv ðə ˈoʊʃən]
• and then: and subsequently [ənd ðɛn]
• a heavy fall: a forceful descent back into the water [ə ˈhɛvi fɔl]

Then he jumped again and again and the boat was going fast although line was still racing out and the old man was raising the strain to breaking point and raising it to breaking point again and again.

• Then: after that [ðɛn]
• he: refers to the fish [hi]
• jumped: leapt out of the water [ʤəmpt]
• again and again: repeatedly [əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the boat: a small vessel for travel on water [ðə boʊt]
• was going fast: was moving at high speed [wɑz goʊɪŋ fæst]
• although: despite the fact that [ˌɔlˈðoʊ]
• line: a rope or cord used in fishing [laɪn]
• was still racing out: was still moving out very quickly [wɑz stɪl ˈreɪsɪŋ aʊt]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• the old man: an elderly male person [ðə oʊld mæn]
• was raising: was increasing [wɑz ˈreɪzɪŋ]
• the strain: the tension or force [ðə streɪn]
• to breaking point: to the point where something is likely to break [tɪ ˈbreɪkɪŋ pɔɪnt]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• raising: increasing [ˈreɪzɪŋ]
• it: refers to the strain [ɪt]
• to breaking point: to the point where something is likely to break [tɪ ˈbreɪkɪŋ pɔɪnt]
• again and again: repeatedly [əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn]

He had been pulled down tight onto the bow and his face was in the cut slice of dolphin and he could not move.

• He: refers to the old man [hi]
• had been pulled down: had been dragged downwards [hæd bɪn pʊld daʊn]
• tight: securely [taɪt]
• onto: on top of [ˈɔntu]
• the bow: the front part of the boat [ðə boʊ]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• his face: the front part of his head [hɪz feɪs]
• was in: was pressed against [wɑz ɪn]
• the cut slice: the sliced piece [ðə kət slaɪs]
• of dolphin: of a marine mammal [əv ˈdɑlfən]
• and: conjunction connecting clauses [ənd]
• he: refers to the old man [hi]
• could not move: was unable to change position [kʊd nɑt muv]

This is what we waited for, he thought.

• This: refers to something that is present or being indicated [ðɪs]
• is: present tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to the description [ɪz]
• what: refers to something that is being specified [wət]
• we: refers to the speaker and one or more other people considered together [wi]
• waited: past tense of 'wait', meaning to remain inactive or delay action until something happens [ˈweɪtɪd]
• for: indicates the reason or purpose of an action [fər]
• he: a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think', meaning to have a particular belief or idea [θɔt]

So now let us take it.

• So: therefore; for that reason [soʊ]
• now: at the present time or moment [naʊ]
• let: used to express a suggestion or proposal [lɛt]
• us: objective form of 'we', referring to the speaker and one or more other people [ˈjuˈɛs]
• take: to get hold of something; seize [teɪk]
• it: refers to something previously mentioned or easily identified [ɪt]

Make him pay for the line, he thought.

• Make: cause (something) to exist or happen; bring about [meɪk]
• him: objective form of 'he', referring to a male person or animal [ɪm]
• pay: give (someone) money that is due for work done, goods received, or services rendered [peɪ]
• for: in return for [fər]
• the line: the boundary or limit of something [ðə laɪn]
• he: a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think', meaning to have a particular belief or idea [θɔt]

Make him pay for it.

• Make: cause (something) to exist or happen; bring about [meɪk]
• him: objective form of 'he', referring to a male person or animal [ɪm]
• pay: give (someone) money that is due for work done, goods received, or services rendered [peɪ]
• for: in return for [fər]
• it: refers to something previously mentioned or easily identified [ɪt]

He could not see the fish's jumps but only heard the breaking of the ocean and the heavy splash as he fell.

• He: refers to a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• could: past tense of 'can', indicating ability or possibility [kʊd]
• not: used to express negation [nɑt]
• see: perceive with the eyes; discern visually [si]
• the fish's: possessive form of 'fish', indicating that something belongs to the fish [ðə ˈfɪʃɪz]
• jumps: plural of 'jump', meaning to push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the legs [ʤəmps]
• but: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• only: and no one or nothing more besides [ˈoʊnli]
• heard: past tense of 'hear', meaning to perceive with the ear the sound made by (someone or something [hərd]
• the breaking: the action of making something into separate pieces or of being broken [ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the ocean: a very large expanse of sea, in particular each of the main areas into which the sea is divided geographically [ðə ˈoʊʃən]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• the heavy: of great weight; difficult to lift or move [ðə ˈhɛvi]
• splash: the sound made when something strikes or falls into liquid [splæʃ]
• as: used to indicate that two things happen at the same time [ɛz]
• he: refers to a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• fell: past tense of 'fall', meaning to move downward, typically rapidly and freely without control, from a higher to a lower level [fɛl]

The speed of the line was cutting his hands badly but he had always known this would happen and he tried to keep the cutting across the calloused parts and not let the line slip into the palm nor cut the fingers.

• The speed: the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate [ðə spid]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the line: a length of cord or rope used for a particular purpose [ðə laɪn]
• was cutting: past continuous tense of 'cut', meaning to use a sharp tool to divide or incise something [wɑz ˈkətɪŋ]
• his: belonging to or associated with a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hɪz]
• hands: plural of 'hand', the end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist, including the fingers and thumb [hænz]
• badly: in a severe and unpleasant way [ˈbædli]
• but: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• he: refers to a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• had: past perfect tense auxiliary verb [hæd]
• always: at all times; on all occasions [ˈɔlˌweɪz]
• known: past participle of 'know', meaning to be aware of through observation, inquiry, or information [noʊn]
• this: used to identify a specific thing or person observed or heard by the speaker [ðɪs]
• would: expressing a conditional or possible event or situation [wʊd]
• happen: take place; occur [ˈhæpən]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person or animal already mentioned or known [hi]
• tried: past tense of 'try', meaning to make an attempt or effort to do something [traɪd]
• to keep: continue to have or hold (something); retain [tɪ kip]
• the cutting: the action of using a sharp tool to divide or incise something [ðə ˈkətɪŋ]
• across: from one side to the other of (something [əˈkrɔs]
• the calloused: having an area of hardened skin [ðə ˈkæləst]
• parts: plural of 'part', meaning some but not all of something [pɑrts]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• not: used to express negation [nɑt]
• let: allow; permit [lɛt]
• the line: a length of cord or rope used for a particular purpose [ðə laɪn]
• slip: lose one's footing and slide unintentionally for some distance [slɪp]
• into: expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something becomes enclosed or surrounded by something else [ˈɪntu]
• the palm: the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and the fingers [ðə pɑm]
• nor: used to introduce a further negative statement [nɔr]
• cut: use a sharp tool to divide or incise (something [kət]
• the fingers: plural of 'finger', each of the four slender jointed parts attached to either hand (or five, if the thumb is included [ðə ˈfɪŋgərz]