The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 58

Now it is over, he thought.

• Now: at the present time; at this moment [naʊ]
• it is over: it has finished; it has come to an end [ɪt ɪz ˈoʊvər]
• he thought: he had an idea or opinion in his mind [hi θɔt]

They will probably hit me again.

• They: referring to a group of people, likely his adversaries [ðeɪ]
• will probably hit me again: they are likely to strike or beat him once more [wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli hɪt mi əˈgɛn]

But what can a man do against them in the dark without a weapon?

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has been said previously [bət]
• what can a man do: expressing the limited options or power a person has [wət kən ə mæn du]
• against them: in opposition to the aforementioned group [əˈgɛnst ðɛm]
• in the dark: in a situation where there is little or no light, also implying a lack of knowledge or understanding [ɪn ðə dɑrk]
• without a weapon: not having any tool or instrument used for fighting [wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈwɛpən]

He was stiff and sore now and his wounds and all of the strained parts of his body hurt with the cold of the night.

• He: referring to a male person previously mentioned [hi]
• was stiff and sore: his muscles were tight and painful [wɑz stɪf ənd sɔr]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• his wounds: injuries to his body [hɪz wundz]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• all of the strained parts of his body: the parts of his body that were stretched or injured [ɔl əv ðə streɪnd pɑrts əv hɪz ˈbɑdi]
• hurt: caused physical pain or injury [hərt]
• with the cold of the night: due to the low temperature during the night [wɪθ ðə koʊld əv ðə naɪt]

I hope I do not have to fight again, he thought.

• I hope: expressing a wish or desire [aɪ hoʊp]
• I do not have to fight again: he wishes to avoid further combat [aɪ du nɑt hæv tɪ faɪt əˈgɛn]
• he thought: he had an idea or opinion in his mind [hi θɔt]

I hope so much I do not have to fight again.

• I hope so much: expressing a strong wish or desire [aɪ hoʊp soʊ məʧ]
• I do not have to fight again: he wishes to avoid further combat [aɪ du nɑt hæv tɪ faɪt əˈgɛn]

But by midnight he fought and this time he knew the fight was useless.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has been said previously [bət]
• by midnight: at or before 12:00 AM [baɪ ˈmɪdˌnaɪt]
• he fought: he engaged in a physical struggle [hi fɔt]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• this time: on this occasion [ðɪs taɪm]
• he knew: he was aware or certain [hi nu]
• the fight was useless: the struggle was futile or ineffective [ðə faɪt wɑz ˈjusləs]

They came in a pack and he could only see the lines in the water that their fins made and their phosphorescence as they threw themselves on the fish.

• They came in a pack: they arrived as a group [ðeɪ keɪm ɪn ə pæk]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he could only see: his vision was limited to [hi kʊd ˈoʊnli si]
• the lines in the water: the trails or marks on the surface of the water [ðə laɪnz ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər]
• that their fins made: created by their swimming appendages [ðət ðɛr fɪnz meɪd]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• their phosphorescence: the emission of light by a substance without combustion or heat [ðɛr ˌfɑsfərˈɛsəns]
• as they threw themselves on the fish: while they aggressively attacked the fish [ɛz ðeɪ θru ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɔn ðə fɪʃ]

He clubbed at heads and heard the jaws chop and the shaking of the skiff as they took hold below.

• He clubbed at heads: he struck with a heavy stick at the heads of the creatures [hi kləbd æt hɛdz]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• heard the jaws chop: he heard the sound of their mouths snapping shut [hərd ðə ʤɔz ʧɑp]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• the shaking of the skiff: the small boat trembling [ðə ˈʃeɪkɪŋ əv ðə skɪf]
• as they took hold below: as they gripped something underneath the boat [ɛz ðeɪ tʊk hoʊld bɪˈloʊ]

He clubbed desperately at what he could only feel and hear and he felt something seize the club and it was gone.

• He clubbed desperately: he struck with a heavy stick in a frantic manner [hi kləbd ˈdɛspərətli]
• at what he could only feel and hear: at the things he could not see but could sense [æt wət hi kʊd ˈoʊnli fil ənd hir]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he felt something seize the club: he sensed something grabbing the heavy stick [hi fɛlt ˈsəmθɪŋ siz ðə kləb]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• it was gone: the heavy stick disappeared [ɪt wɑz gɔn]

He jerked the tiller free from the rudder and beat and chopped with it, holding it in both hands and driving it down again and again.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• jerked: a sudden, sharp, quick movement [ʤərkt]
• the tiller: a lever used to steer a boat [ðə ˈtɪlər]
• free from: released or detached from [fri frəm]
• the rudder: a flat piece hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering [ðə ˈrədər]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• beat: struck repeatedly [bit]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• chopped: cut with a sharp, heavy blow [ʧɑpt]
• with it: referring to the tiller [wɪθ ɪt]
• holding: grasping or supporting [ˈhoʊldɪŋ]
• it: referring to the tiller [ɪt]
• in both hands: using both hands to grip something [ɪn boʊθ hænz]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• driving: forcing or pushing [ˈdraɪvɪŋ]
• it: referring to the tiller [ɪt]
• down: in a downward direction [daʊn]
• again: once more [əˈgɛn]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• again: once more [əˈgɛn]

But they were up to the bow now and driving in one after the other and together, tearing off the pieces of meat that showed glowing below the sea as they turned to come once more.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• they: referring to a group of sharks [ðeɪ]
• were up to: had reached [wər əp tɪ]
• the bow: the front part of a boat or ship [ðə boʊ]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• driving: moving forcefully [ˈdraɪvɪŋ]
• in: into [ɪn]
• one after the other: sequentially, one at a time [wən ˈæftər ðə ˈəðər]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• together: at the same time [təˈgɛðər]
• tearing off: ripping or pulling away [ˈtɪrɪŋ ɔf]
• the pieces of meat: chunks of flesh [ðə ˈpisɪz əv mit]
• that: used to introduce a relative clause [ðət]
• showed: were visible [ʃoʊd]
• glowing: shining brightly [gloʊɪŋ]
• below the sea: under the surface of the ocean [bɪˈloʊ ðə si]
• as: while [ɛz]
• they: referring to the sharks [ðeɪ]
• turned: changed direction [tərnd]
• to come: in order to approach [tɪ kəm]
• once more: again [wəns mɔr]

One came, finally, against the head itself and he knew that it was over.

• One: a single shark [wən]
• came: approached [keɪm]
• finally: at the end of a process or series of events [ˈfaɪnəli]
• against: in opposition to or in contact with [əˈgɛnst]
• the head itself: the shark's own head [ðə hɛd ˌɪtˈsɛlf]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• knew: was aware [nu]
• that: used to introduce a clause [ðət]
• it: refers to the situation or the fight [ɪt]
• was over: had ended [wɑz ˈoʊvər]

He swung the tiller across the shark's head where the jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fish's head which would not tear.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• swung: moved in a curve or arc [swəŋ]
• the tiller: a lever used to steer a boat [ðə ˈtɪlər]
• across: from one side to the other of [əˈkrɔs]
• the shark's head: the head of the shark [ðə sharks hɛd]
• where: at the place or position in which [wɛr]
• the jaws: the mouth of the shark [ðə ʤɔz]
• were caught: were trapped [wər kɔt]
• in: within [ɪn]
• the heaviness: the weight or density [ðə heaviness]
• of the fish's head: the head of the fish [əv ðə ˈfɪʃɪz hɛd]
• which: used to introduce a relative clause [wɪʧ]
• would not tear: could not be ripped apart [wʊd nɑt tɪr]

He swung it once and twice and again.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• swung: moved in a curve or arc [swəŋ]
• it: referring to the tiller [ɪt]
• once: one time [wəns]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• twice: two times [twaɪs]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• again: once more [əˈgɛn]

He heard the tiller break and he lunged at the shark with the splintered butt.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• heard: perceived with the ear [hərd]
• the tiller: a lever used to steer a boat [ðə ˈtɪlər]
• break: snap or shatter [breɪk]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• lunged: made a sudden forward thrust [lənʤd]
• at: towards [æt]
• the shark: the shark [ðə ʃɑrk]
• with: using [wɪθ]
• the splintered butt: the broken end of the tiller [ðə ˈsplɪntərd bət]

He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• felt: perceived through physical sensation [fɛlt]
• it: referring to the splintered butt [ɪt]
• go in: penetrate [goʊ ɪn]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• knowing: being aware [noʊɪŋ]
• it: referring to the splintered butt [ɪt]
• was sharp: had a pointed edge [wɑz ʃɑrp]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• drove: forced [droʊv]
• it: referring to the splintered butt [ɪt]
• in: into the shark [ɪn]
• again: once more [əˈgɛn]

The shark let go and rolled away.

• The shark: the shark [ðə ʃɑrk]
• let go: released its grip [lɛt goʊ]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• rolled away: moved away by turning over [roʊld əˈweɪ]

That was the last shark of the pack that came.

• That: refers to the event of the shark letting go [ðət]
• was: past tense of 'is' [wɑz]
• the last shark: the final shark [ðə læst ʃɑrk]
• of the pack: from the group [əv ðə pæk]
• that: used to introduce a relative clause [ðət]
• came: approached [keɪm]

There was nothing more for them to eat.

• There: used to indicate existence or presence [ðɛr]
• was: past tense of 'is' [wɑz]
• nothing more: no additional thing [ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr]
• for them: for the sharks [fər ðɛm]
• to eat: to consume as food [tɪ it]

The old man could hardly breathe now and he felt a strange taste in his mouth.

• The old man: Refers to an elderly male, likely the main character of the story [ðə oʊld mæn]
• could hardly breathe: Indicates difficulty or struggle in breathing [kʊd ˈhɑrdli brið]
• now: At the present time or moment [naʊ]
• and: Connects two related clauses or ideas [ənd]
• he felt: He experienced a sensation [hi fɛlt]
• a strange taste: An unusual or unfamiliar flavor [ə streɪnʤ teɪst]
• in his mouth: The location where the taste was perceived [ɪn hɪz maʊθ]

It was coppery and sweet and he was afraid of it for a moment.

• It: Refers to the strange taste [ɪt]
• was coppery: Describing the taste as resembling copper, a metallic taste [wɑz ˈkɑpəri]
• and sweet: Describing the taste as also having a sugary flavor [ənd swit]
• and: Connects two descriptive adjectives [ənd]
• he was afraid: He felt fear or apprehension [hi wɑz əˈfreɪd]
• of it: Referring to the strange taste [əv ɪt]
• for a moment: Briefly or temporarily [fər ə ˈmoʊmənt]

But there was not much of it.

• But: Introduces a contrast or exception [bət]
• there was not much of it: The quantity of the strange taste was small [ðɛr wɑz nɑt məʧ əv ɪt]

He spat into the ocean and said, ''Eat that, galanos.

• He spat: He ejected saliva from his mouth [hi spæt]
• into the ocean: The location where he spat [ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊʃən]
• and said: Followed the action of spitting with a spoken statement [ənd sɛd]
• Eat that: An imperative command to consume something [it ðət]
• galanos: A term, possibly referring to a shark or another sea creature [gəˈlɑnoʊs]

He knew he was beaten now finally and without remedy and he went back to the stern and found the jagged end of the tiller would fit in the slot of the rudder well enough for him to steer.

• He knew: He was aware or certain [hi nu]
• he was beaten: He had been defeated or overcome [hi wɑz ˈbitən]
• now: At the present time [naʊ]
• finally: Conclusively or definitively [ˈfaɪnəli]
• and without remedy: Without any possibility of correction or solution [ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɛmədi]
• and: Connects two related ideas [ənd]
• he went back: He returned [hi wɛnt bæk]
• to the stern: The rear part of a boat or ship [tɪ ðə stərn]
• and found: Discovered or located [ənd faʊnd]
• the jagged end: An uneven or rough edge [ðə ʤægd ɛnd]
• of the tiller: A lever used to steer a boat [əv ðə ˈtɪlər]
• would fit: Could be inserted or accommodated [wʊd fɪt]
• in the slot: A narrow opening or groove [ɪn ðə slɑt]
• of the rudder: A flat piece hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering [əv ðə ˈrədər]
• well enough: Sufficiently or adequately [wɛl ɪˈnəf]
• for him to steer: Enabling him to control the direction of the boat [fər ɪm tɪ stɪr]

He settled the sack around his shoulders and put the skiff on her course.

• He settled: He adjusted or positioned [hi ˈsɛtəld]
• the sack: A bag or container [ðə sæk]
• around his shoulders: The location where he placed the sack [əraʊnd hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz]
• and put: Placed or directed [ənd pʊt]
• the skiff: A small boat [ðə skɪf]
• on her course: Set the boat on its intended direction [ɔn hər kɔrs]

He sailed lightly now and he had no thoughts nor any feelings of any kind.

• He sailed: He navigated the boat [hi seɪld]
• lightly: With ease or without difficulty [ˈlaɪtli]
• now: At this point in time [naʊ]
• and he had no thoughts: He was not thinking about anything [ənd hi hæd noʊ θɔts]
• nor any feelings: He had no emotions [nɔr ˈɛni ˈfilɪŋz]
• of any kind: Of any type or nature [əv ˈɛni kaɪnd]

He was past everything now and he sailed the skiff to make his home port as well and as intelligently as he could.

• He was past: He had moved beyond or transcended [hi wɑz pæst]
• everything: All things or concerns [ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ]
• now: At this point in time [naʊ]
• and he sailed: He navigated the boat [ənd hi seɪld]
• the skiff: The small boat [ðə skɪf]
• to make: In order to reach [tɪ meɪk]
• his home port: The harbor or dock where he lives or is based [hɪz hoʊm pɔrt]
• as well: Effectively or successfully [ɛz wɛl]
• and as intelligently: With as much understanding and skill [ənd ɛz ˌɪnˈtɛlɪʤəntli]
• as he could: To the best of his ability [ɛz hi kʊd]

In the night sharks hit the carcass as someone might pick up crumbs from the table.

• In the night: During the nighttime [ɪn ðə naɪt]
• sharks hit: Sharks attacked or struck [ʃɑrks hɪt]
• the carcass: The dead body of an animal [ðə ˈkɑrkəs]
• as someone might: In a manner similar to how someone would [ɛz ˈsəmˌwən maɪt]
• pick up crumbs: Gather small pieces of food [pɪk əp krəmz]
• from the table: The surface where food is eaten [frəm ðə ˈteɪbəl]

The old man paid no attention to them and did not pay any attention to anything except steering.

• The old man: The elderly male character [ðə oʊld mæn]
• paid no attention: Did not focus or notice [peɪd noʊ əˈtɛnʃən]
• to them: Referring to the sharks [tɪ ðɛm]
• and did not pay any attention: Did not focus or notice anything [ənd dɪd nɑt peɪ ˈɛni əˈtɛnʃən]
• to anything: Anything at all [tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ]
• except steering: Only focusing on controlling the direction of the boat [ɪkˈsɛpt ˈstɪrɪŋ]

He only noticed how lightly and bow well the skiff sailed now there was no great weight beside her.

• He only noticed: He only observed or realized [hi ˈoʊnli ˈnoʊtɪst]
• how lightly: How easily or effortlessly [haʊ ˈlaɪtli]
• and bow well: And how smoothly or efficiently [ənd boʊ wɛl]
• the skiff sailed: The small boat moved through the water [ðə skɪf seɪld]
• now: At this point in time [naʊ]
• there was no great weight: There was no significant burden [ðɛr wɑz noʊ greɪt weɪt]
• beside her: Next to the boat [ˌbiˈsaɪd hər]