The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 60

Inside the shack he leaned the mast against the wall.

• Inside: within; in the inner part [ˌɪnˈsaɪd]
• the shack: a roughly built hut or cabin [ðə ʃæk]
• he: referring to a male person previously mentioned [hi]
• leaned: to rest against something for support [lind]
• the mast: a tall upright post or structure on a ship or boat, used to support sails or rigging [ðə mæst]
• against: in opposition to; touching or pressing upon [əˈgɛnst]
• the wall: a vertical structure that divides or encloses an area [ðə wɔl]

In the dark he found a water bottle and took a drink.

• In: expressing location or position within something [ɪn]
• the dark: absence of light [ðə dɑrk]
• he: referring to the same male person as before [hi]
• found: discovered or located something [faʊnd]
• a water bottle: a container for holding water [ə ˈwɔtər ˈbɑtəl]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• took: to seize or get possession of [tʊk]
• a drink: an act of drinking [ə drɪŋk]

Then he lay down on the bed.

• Then: at that time; after that [ðɛn]
• he: referring to the same male person as before [hi]
• lay down: to recline or rest on a surface [leɪ daʊn]
• on: supported by [ɔn]
• the bed: a piece of furniture for sleeping or resting on [ðə bɛd]

He pulled the blanket over his shoulders and then over his back and legs and he slept face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up.

• He: referring to the same male person as before [hi]
• pulled: exert force on (someone or something) so as to move them towards oneself [pʊld]
• the blanket: a covering made of soft material, used for warmth [ðə ˈblæŋkɪt]
• over: extending or moving above or across [ˈoʊvər]
• his shoulders: the upper part of the body, between the neck and the upper arm [hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• then: at that time; after that [ðɛn]
• over: extending or moving above or across [ˈoʊvər]
• his back: the rear surface of the body from the shoulders to the hips [hɪz bæk]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• legs: each of the limbs on which a person or animal walks and stands [lɛgz]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person as before [hi]
• slept: past tense of sleep; to be in a state of rest [slɛpt]
• face down: with the face pointing downwards [feɪs daʊn]
• on: supported by [ɔn]
• the newspapers: publications containing news, articles, and advertisements [ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz]
• with: accompanied by [wɪθ]
• his arms: each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand [hɪz ɑrmz]
• out straight: extended fully in a line [aʊt streɪt]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• the palms: the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and the fingers [ðə pɑmz]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• his hands: the terminal part of the human arm beyond the wrist [hɪz hænz]
• up: towards a higher position [əp]

He was asleep when the boy looked in the door in the morning.

• He: referring to a male person previously mentioned [hi]
• was asleep: in a state of sleep [wɑz əsˈlip]
• when: at or during the time that [wɪn]
• the boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• looked: to turn one's eyes in a specified direction [lʊkt]
• in: expressing direction toward the interior [ɪn]
• the door: a hinged barrier used to close off an entrance [ðə dɔr]
• in: expressing location or position within something [ɪn]
• the morning: the period of time between sunrise and noon [ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ]

It was blowing so hard that the drifting-boats would not be going out and the boy had slept late and then come to the old man's shack as he had come each morning.

• It: referring to the situation or weather [ɪt]
• was blowing: the wind was moving strongly [wɑz bloʊɪŋ]
• so hard: with great force or intensity [soʊ hɑrd]
• that: introducing a clause of result [ðət]
• the drifting-boats: boats that are drifting or floating without control [ðə drifting-boats]
• would not: expressing inability or refusal [wʊd nɑt]
• be going out: to leave a place or go out to sea [bi goʊɪŋ aʊt]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• the boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• had slept: past perfect tense of sleep; to have been in a state of rest [hæd slɛpt]
• late: after the usual or expected time [leɪt]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• then: at that time; after that [ðɛn]
• come: to move or travel toward a place [kəm]
• to: expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location or thing [tɪ]
• the old man's: belonging to the old man [ðə oʊld mænz]
• shack: a roughly built hut or cabin [ʃæk]
• as: in the same way that [ɛz]
• he: referring to the boy [hi]
• had come: past perfect tense of come; to have moved or traveled toward a place [hæd kəm]
• each morning: every morning; on every day [iʧ ˈmɔrnɪŋ]

The boy saw that the old man was breathing and then he saw the old man's hands and he started to cry.

• The boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• saw: perceived with the eyes [sɔ]
• that: introducing a subordinate clause [ðət]
• the old man: an elderly male person [ðə oʊld mæn]
• was breathing: taking air into and expelling it from the lungs [wɑz ˈbriðɪŋ]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• then: at that time; after that [ðɛn]
• he: referring to the boy [hi]
• saw: perceived with the eyes [sɔ]
• the old man's: belonging to the old man [ðə oʊld mænz]
• hands: the terminal part of the human arm beyond the wrist [hænz]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: referring to the boy [hi]
• started: to begin doing something [ˈstɑrtɪd]
• to cry: to shed tears [tɪ kraɪ]

He went out very quietly to go to bring some coffee and all the way down the road he was crying.

• He: referring to the boy [hi]
• went out: to leave a place [wɛnt aʊt]
• very quietly: in a silent manner [ˈvɛri kˈwaɪətli]
• to go: to move or travel [tɪ goʊ]
• to bring: to take or carry (someone or something) to a place [tɪ brɪŋ]
• some coffee: a beverage made by brewing coffee beans [səm ˈkɔfi]
• and: used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• all the way: the entire distance [ɔl ðə weɪ]
• down: towards or in a lower place or position [daʊn]
• the road: a way or route between two places [ðə roʊd]
• he: referring to the boy [hi]
• was crying: shedding tears [wɑz kraɪɪŋ]

Many fishermen were around the skiff looking at what was lashed beside it and one was in the water, his trousers rolled up, measuring the skeleton with a length of line.

• Many: a large number of [ˈmɛni]
• fishermen: people who catch fish for a living or for sport [ˈfɪʃərmɪn]
• were around: were in the vicinity of; located near [wər əraʊnd]
• the skiff: a small, light boat [ðə skɪf]
• looking at: observing; paying attention to [ˈlʊkɪŋ æt]
• what was lashed beside it: referring to something tied or fastened next to the skiff [wət wɑz læʃt ˌbiˈsaɪd ɪt]
• and: conjunction used to connect two related statements [ənd]
• one: a single person [wən]
• was in the water: located inside the water [wɑz ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər]
• his trousers rolled up: his pants folded or turned up to avoid getting wet [hɪz ˈtraʊzərz roʊld əp]
• measuring: determining the size or dimensions of something [ˈmɛʒərɪŋ]
• the skeleton: the bony framework of a body [ðə ˈskɛlətən]
• with: using [wɪθ]
• a length of line: a piece of rope or string of a certain size [ə lɛŋθ əv laɪn]

The boy did not go down.

• The boy: a young male [ðə bɔɪ]
• did not go down: did not descend or approach the location [dɪd nɑt goʊ daʊn]

He had been there before and one of the fishermen was looking after the skiff for him.

• He: referring to the boy [hi]
• had been there before: had visited or been present at that location previously [hæd bɪn ðɛr ˌbiˈfɔr]
• and: conjunction used to connect two related statements [ənd]
• one of the fishermen: a single member of the group of people who catch fish [wən əv ðə ˈfɪʃərmɪn]
• was looking after: taking care of; watching over [wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈæftər]
• the skiff: the small boat [ðə skɪf]
• for him: on his behalf; in his place [fər ɪm]

''How is he?'' one of the fishermen shouted.

• How is he: A question asking about the well-being or condition of someone [haʊ ɪz hi]
• one of the fishermen: a single member of the group of people who catch fish [wən əv ðə ˈfɪʃərmɪn]
• shouted: spoke in a loud voice [ˈʃaʊtɪd]

''Sleeping,'' the boy called.

• Sleeping: indicating that someone is in a state of sleep [sˈlipɪŋ]
• the boy: a young male [ðə bɔɪ]
• called: spoke loudly [kɔld]

''He was eighteen feet from nose to tail,'' the fisherman who was measuring him called.

• He: referring to the fish [hi]
• was: past tense of 'is' [wɑz]
• eighteen feet: a measurement of length, equal to 18 feet [ˈeɪˈtin fit]
• from nose to tail: indicating the measurement from the front to the end of the fish [frəm noʊz tɪ teɪl]
• the fisherman: a person who catches fish [ðə ˈfɪʃərˌmæn]
• who was measuring him: the fisherman who was determining the size of the fish [hu wɑz ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ɪm]
• called: shouted [kɔld]

''I believe it,'' the boy said.

• I: beginning of a direct quote, 'I' refers to the speaker [aɪ]
• believe: to accept something as true or real [bɪˈliv]
• it: end of the direct quote, 'it' refers to something previously mentioned [ɪt]
• the boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]

He went into the Terrace and asked for a can of coffee.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned [hi]
• went: past tense of 'go', meaning to move or travel [wɛnt]
• into: expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something becomes enclosed or surrounded by something else [ˈɪntu]
• the Terrace: likely a specific place, possibly a cafe or restaurant named 'Terrace' [ðə ˈtɛrəs]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• asked: past tense of 'ask', meaning to put a question to someone [æst]
• for: expressing the purpose or reason for something [fər]

''Hot and with plenty of milk and sugar in it.''

• Hot: beginning of a direct quote, 'hot' refers to the temperature of the coffee [hɑt]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• with: accompanied by; containing [wɪθ]
• plenty of: a large amount of; more than enough [ˈplɛnti əv]
• milk: a white liquid produced by cows, used as a food and drink [mɪlk]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• sugar: a sweet crystalline substance used as a sweetener [ˈʃʊgər]
• in it: end of the direct quote, 'it' refers to the coffee [ɪn ɪt]

''Anything more?''

• Anything: beginning of a direct quote, meaning 'is there anything' [ˈɛniˌθɪŋ]
• more: end of the direct quote, meaning 'anything else?' [mɔr]

''No.

• No: beginning of a direct quote, meaning 'no, there isn't anything else' [noʊ]

''What a fish it was,'' the proprietor said. ''There has never been such a fish.

• What: beginning of a direct quote, expressing surprise or admiration [wət]
• a fish: a creature that lives in water [ə fɪʃ]
• it: refers to the fish [ɪt]
• was: past tense of 'be', indicating the fish existed in the past [wɑz]
• the proprietor: the owner or manager of a business, in this case, likely a cafe or restaurant [ðə prəˈpraɪətər]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating the proprietor spoke the previous words [sɛd]
• There: beginning of a direct quote, indicating existence [ðɛr]
• has: auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect tense [həz]
• never: at no time in the past [ˈnɛvər]
• been: past participle of 'be' [bɪn]
• such: of the type previously mentioned [səʧ]
• a fish: referring to a fish of great size or quality [ə fɪʃ]

''Damn my fish,'' the boy said and he started to cry again.

• Damn: beginning of a direct quote, expressing anger or frustration [dæm]
• my: belonging to the speaker [maɪ]
• fish: end of the direct quote, referring to the fish the boy caught or failed to catch [fɪʃ]
• the boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating the boy spoke the previous words [sɛd]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he: refers to the boy [hi]
• started: past tense of 'start', meaning to begin [ˈstɑrtɪd]
• to: expressing motion in the direction of a particular location [tɪ]
• cry: to shed tears [kraɪ]

''Do you want a drink of any kind?'' the proprietor asked.

• Do: beginning of a direct quote, auxiliary verb used to form a question [du]
• you: the person being addressed, likely the boy [ju]
• want: to have a desire for something [wɔnt]
• a drink: a liquid that can be swallowed as refreshment or nourishment [ə drɪŋk]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• any: one or some or every of a number of things [ˈɛni]
• kind: end of the direct quote, meaning 'any type of drink' [kaɪnd]
• the proprietor: the owner or manager of a business, in this case, likely a cafe or restaurant [ðə prəˈpraɪətər]

''No,'' the boy said. ''Tell them not to bother Santiago.

• No: beginning of a direct quote, meaning 'no, I don't want a drink' [noʊ]
• the boy: a young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating the boy spoke the previous words [sɛd]
• Tell: beginning of a direct quote, meaning to communicate information to someone [tɛl]
• them: referring to a group of people [ðɛm]
• not: used to express negation [nɑt]
• to: expressing motion in the direction of a particular location [tɪ]
• bother: to disturb or annoy someone [ˈbɑðər]
• Santiago: a name, referring to a specific person [ˌsæntiˈɑgoʊ]

''Tell him how sorry I am.''

• Tell: Direct quote indicating a request or command [tɛl]
• him: Referring to a male person previously mentioned [ɪm]

''Thanks,'' the boy said.

• Thanks: Expression of gratitude [θæŋks]

The boy carried the hot can of coffee up to the old man's shack and sat by him until he woke.

• The boy: A young male person [ðə bɔɪ]
• carried: Past tense of 'carry', meaning to transport or support something [ˈkɛrid]
• the hot can of coffee: A container filled with coffee that has a high temperature [ðə hɑt kən əv ˈkɔfi]
• up to: Moving towards a higher point or location [əp tɪ]
• the old man's shack: A small, roughly built dwelling belonging to an elderly man [ðə oʊld mænz ʃæk]
• and sat by him: Positioned oneself near the old man [ənd sæt baɪ ɪm]
• until: Up to the point in time that [ənˈtɪl]
• he woke: He became conscious after sleeping [hi woʊk]

Once it looked as though he were waking.

• Once: At one time; on one occasion [wəns]
• it looked as though: It appeared or seemed that [ɪt lʊkt ɛz ðoʊ]
• he were waking: He was in the process of waking up [hi wər ˈweɪkɪŋ]