Animal Farm by George Orwell- page 41

‘I do not believe that,’ he said.

• I: The speaker, referring to themselves [‘‘i]
• do not believe: To lack conviction or trust in something [du nɑt bɪˈliv]
• that: Referring to a specific statement or idea [ðət]
• he: A male person or animal previously mentioned [hi]
• said: Past tense of 'say,' indicating the act of speaking [sɛd]

‘Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed.

• Snowball: A proper noun, likely a character's name [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• fought: Past tense of 'fight,' meaning to engage in combat [fɔt]
• bravely: In a courageous manner [ˈbreɪvli]
• at: Indicating location or participation [æt]
• the Battle of the Cowshed: A proper noun, referring to a specific battle [ðə ˈbætəl əv ðə cowshed]

I saw him myself.

• I: The speaker, referring to themselves [aɪ]
• saw: Past tense of 'see,' meaning to perceive with the eyes [sɔ]
• him: Referring to Snowball [ɪm]
• myself: Emphasizing that the speaker personally witnessed the event [ˌmaɪˈsɛlf]

‘That was our mistake, comrade.

• That: Referring to a previous statement or action [‘‘that]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• our: Belonging to the speaker and others [ɑr]
• mistake: An error or fault [mɪˈsteɪk]
• comrade: A term of address, indicating a fellow member or ally [ˈkɑmˌræd]

‘But he was wounded,’ said Boxer.

• But: A conjunction used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [‘‘but]
• he: Referring to Snowball [hi]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• wounded: Injured or hurt [ˈwundɪd]
• said: Past tense of 'say,' indicating the act of speaking [sɛd]
• Boxer: A proper noun, likely a character's name [ˈbɑksər]

‘That was part of the arrangement!’ cried Squealer.

• That: Referring to a previous statement or action [‘‘that]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• part: A piece or section of something [pɑrt]
• of: Indicating belonging or association [əv]
• the arrangement: An agreement or plan [ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənt]
• cried: Past tense of 'cry,' meaning to shout or exclaim [kraɪd]
• Squealer: A proper noun, likely a character's name [squealer]

‘Jones's shot only grazed him.

• Jones's: Possessive form of 'Jones,' indicating something belonging to Jones [ˈʤoʊnzɪz]
• shot: The act of firing a weapon [ʃɑt]
• only: Merely; just [ˈoʊnli]
• grazed: To touch lightly in passing [greɪzd]
• him: Referring to Snowball [ɪm]

I could show you mis in his own writing, if you were able to read it.

• I: The speaker, referring to themselves [aɪ]
• could: Past tense of 'can,' indicating ability [kʊd]
• show: To allow someone to see something [ʃoʊ]
• you: The person being addressed [ju]
• mis: Misspelling of 'his', likely intentional to reflect the speaker's character [mɪs]
• in: Indicating location or containment [ɪn]
• his: Belonging to Snowball [hɪz]
• own: Emphasizing that it belongs to Snowball personally [oʊn]
• writing: The act of forming letters or words on a surface [ˈraɪtɪŋ]
• if: Introducing a conditional clause [ɪf]
• you: The person being addressed [ju]
• were: Past tense of 'be' [wər]
• able: Having the skill or means to do something [ˈeɪbəl]
• to: Indicating purpose or direction [tɪ]
• read: To look at and understand the meaning of written words [rɛd]
• it: Referring to the writing [ɪt]

The plot was for Snowball, at the critical moment, to give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy.

• The: Definite article, referring to a specific plot [ðə]
• plot: A secret plan or scheme [plɑt]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• for: Indicating purpose or reason [fər]
• Snowball: A proper noun, likely a character's name [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• at: Indicating a specific point in time [æt]
• the critical moment: A crucial or decisive point in time [ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈmoʊmənt]
• to: Indicating purpose or direction [tɪ]
• give: To present or offer something [gɪv]
• the signal: A sign or cue that initiates an action [ðə ˈsɪgnəl]
• for: Indicating purpose or reason [fər]
• flight: The act of running away or escaping [flaɪt]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• leave: To go away from a place or person [liv]
• the field: The area of battle or competition [ðə fild]
• to: Indicating direction or recipient [tɪ]
• the enemy: A person or group that is hostile or opposes someone [ðə ˈɛnəmi]

And he very nearly succeeded – I will even say, comrades, he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader, Comrade Napoleon.

• And: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: Referring to Snowball [hi]
• very: To a great extent; extremely [ˈvɛri]
• nearly: Almost; close to [ˈnɪrli]
• succeeded: Achieved the desired outcome [səkˈsidɪd]
• I: The speaker, referring to themselves [aɪ]
• will: Auxiliary verb used to express future intention [wɪl]
• even: Used to emphasize something [ˈivɪn]
• say: To express something in words [seɪ]
• comrades: A term of address, indicating a fellow member or ally [ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• he: Referring to Snowball [hi]
• would: Auxiliary verb used to express a conditional or hypothetical situation [wʊd]
• have: Auxiliary verb used to form perfect tenses [hæv]
• succeeded: Achieved the desired outcome [səkˈsidɪd]
• if: Introducing a conditional clause [ɪf]
• it: Referring to a situation or event [ɪt]
• had: Auxiliary verb used to form past perfect tenses [hæd]
• not: Negation [nɑt]
• been: Past participle of 'be' [bɪn]
• for: Because of; due to [fər]
• our: Belonging to the speaker and others [ɑr]
• heroic: Displaying great courage or bravery [hɪˈroʊɪk]
• Leader: A person who leads or guides others [ˈlidər]
• Comrade: A term of address, indicating a fellow member or ally [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• Napoleon: A proper noun, likely a character's name [nəˈpoʊljən]

Do you not remember how, just at the moment when Jones and his men had got inside the yard.

• Do: Auxiliary verb used to form a question [du]
• you: The person being addressed [ju]
• not: Negation [nɑt]
• remember: To recall something from the past [rɪˈmɛmbər]
• how: In what way or manner [haʊ]
• just: Exactly; precisely [ʤɪst]
• at: Indicating a specific point in time [æt]
• the moment: A specific point in time [ðə ˈmoʊmənt]
• when: At the time that [wɪn]
• Jones: A proper noun, likely a character's name [ʤoʊnz]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• his: Belonging to Jones [hɪz]
• men: Adult male humans [mɛn]
• had: Auxiliary verb used to form past perfect tenses [hæd]
• got: Past participle of 'get,' meaning to obtain or reach [gɑt]
• inside: Within or into a building or enclosed space [ˌɪnˈsaɪd]
• the yard: An area of land adjacent to a building [ðə jɑrd]

Snowball suddenly turned and fled, and many animals followed him?

• Snowball: A proper noun, likely a character's name [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• suddenly: Quickly and unexpectedly [ˈsədənli]
• turned: Changed direction [tərnd]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• fled: Past tense of 'flee,' meaning to run away from danger [flɛd]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• many: A large number of [ˈmɛni]
• animals: Living creatures that are not human [ˈænəməlz]
• followed: Past tense of 'follow,' meaning to go after someone or something [ˈfɑloʊd]
• him: Referring to Snowball [ɪm]

And do you not remember, too, that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all seemed lost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of “Death to Humanity!” and sank his teeth in Jones's leg?

• And: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• do: Auxiliary verb used to form a question [du]
• you: The person being addressed [ju]
• not: Negation [nɑt]
• remember: To recall something from the past [rɪˈmɛmbər]
• too: Also; in addition [tu]
• that: Introducing a clause [ðət]
• it: Referring to a situation or event [ɪt]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• just: Exactly; precisely [ʤɪst]
• at: Indicating a specific point in time [æt]
• that: Referring to a specific moment [ðət]
• moment: A specific point in time [ˈmoʊmənt]
• when: At the time that [wɪn]
• panic: Sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety [ˈpænɪk]
• was: Past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• spreading: Extending or becoming more widely distributed [ˈsprɛdɪŋ]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• all: Everything; the entirety [ɔl]
• seemed: Appeared to be [simd]
• lost: Unable to be found or recovered; defeated [lɔst]
• that: Introducing a clause [ðət]
• Comrade: A term of address, indicating a fellow member or ally [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• Napoleon: A proper noun, likely a character's name [nəˈpoʊljən]
• sprang: Past tense of 'spring,' meaning to jump or move quickly [spræŋ]
• forward: Towards the front [ˈfɔrwərd]
• with: Accompanied by [wɪθ]
• a cry: A loud shout or scream [ə kraɪ]
• of: Indicating origin or association [əv]
• Death to Humanity: A battle cry expressing hostility towards humans [dɛθ tɪ juˈmænɪti]
• and: A conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• sank: Past tense of 'sink,' meaning to submerge or plunge [sæŋk]
• his: Belonging to Napoleon [hɪz]
• teeth: Hard, bony structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing [tiθ]
• in: Indicating location or containment [ɪn]
• Jones's: Possessive form of 'Jones,' indicating something belonging to Jones [ˈʤoʊnzɪz]
• leg: A limb used for standing and walking [lɛg]

Surely you remember that, comrades?’ exclaimed Squealer, frisking from side to side.

• Surely: Certainly; without a doubt [ˈʃʊrli]
• you: The person being addressed [ju]
• remember: To recall something from the past [rɪˈmɛmbər]
• that: Referring to a specific event [ðət]
• comrades: A term of address, indicating a fellow member or ally [ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• exclaimed: Past tense of 'exclaim,' meaning to say something suddenly and loudly [ɪkˈskleɪmd]
• Squealer: A proper noun, likely a character's name [squealer]
• frisking: Skipping or gamboling playfully [frisking]
• from: Indicating origin or direction [frəm]
• side: A surface or edge of an object [saɪd]
• to: Indicating direction or recipient [tɪ]
• side: A surface or edge of an object [saɪd]

Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically, it seemed to the animals that they did remember it.

• Now: used to introduce a new topic or a change in subject [naʊ]
• when: at the time that; during the time that [wɪn]
• Squealer: name of a character, implying a propagandist or mouthpiece [squealer]
• described: gave a detailed account of [dɪˈskraɪbd]
• the scene: a particular event or incident [ðə sin]
• so graphically: in a vivid and detailed manner [soʊ ˈgræfɪkli]
• it seemed: it appeared; it gave the impression [ɪt simd]
• to the animals: referring to the group of animals in the story [tɪ ðə ˈænəməlz]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• they did remember it: emphasizes that the animals recalled the event [ðeɪ dɪd rɪˈmɛmbər ɪt]

At any rate, they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee.

• At any rate: in any case; regardless of what else is true [æt ˈɛni reɪt]
• they remembered: they recalled; they brought to mind [ðeɪ rɪˈmɛmbərd]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• at the critical moment: at the most important or decisive point [æt ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈmoʊmənt]
• of the battle: referring to a specific battle [əv ðə ˈbætəl]
• Snowball: name of a character [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• had turned to flee: had started to run away [hæd tərnd tɪ fli]

But Boxer was still a little uneasy.

• But: introduces a contrast [bət]
• Boxer: name of a character [ˈbɑksər]
• was still: remained; continued to be [wɑz stɪl]
• a little uneasy: somewhat worried or uncomfortable [ə ˈlɪtəl əˈnizi]

‘I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning’ he said finally. ‘What he has done since is different.

• I do not believe: expresses disbelief or doubt [‘‘i du nɑt bɪˈliv]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• Snowball: name of a character [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• was a traitor: was someone who betrayed a trust or cause [wɑz ə ˈtreɪtər]
• at the beginning: initially; at the start [æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ]
• he said: indicates who is speaking [hi sɛd]
• finally: after some consideration or delay [ˈfaɪnəli]
• What: introduces a clause referring to something [‘‘what]
• he has done since: what he has done from that point onward [hi həz dən sɪns]
• is different: is not the same [ɪz ˈdɪfərənt]

‘Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon,’ announced Squealer, speaking very slowly and firmly, ‘has stated categorically – categorically, comrade – that Snowball was Jones's agent from the very beginning-yes, and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of.’

• Our Leader: referring to Napoleon, the leader of the animals [‘‘our ˈlidər]
• Comrade: a term of address used among socialists or communists [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• Napoleon: name of a character [nəˈpoʊljən]
• announced: stated publicly or formally [əˈnaʊnst]
• Squealer: name of a character [squealer]
• speaking: giving a speech [ˈspikɪŋ]
• very slowly: at a deliberate pace [ˈvɛri sˈloʊli]
• and firmly: with conviction and determination [ənd ˈfərmli]
• has stated: has declared [həz ˈsteɪtɪd]
• categorically: unambiguously; explicitly [ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkli]
• categorically: repetition for emphasis [–* ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkli]
• comrade: term of address [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [–* ðət]
• Snowball: name of a character [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• was Jones's agent: was working for Mr. Jones, the former owner of the farm [wɑz ˈʤoʊnzɪz ˈeɪʤənt]
• from the very beginning: from the start; from the earliest point [frəm ðə ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ]
• yes: affirmation; agreement [-jɛs]
• and from long before: and even before [ənd frəm lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr]
• the Rebellion: referring to the animals' uprising against Mr. Jones [ðə rɪˈbɛljən]
• was ever thought of: was even considered or conceived [wɑz ˈɛvər θɔt əv]