Animal Farm by George Orwell- page 42

‘Ah, that is different!’ said Boxer. ‘If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right.’

• Ah: An exclamation, often expressing surprise, understanding, or realization [‘‘ah]
• that: referring to something previously mentioned or understood [ðət]
• is: present tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [ɪz]
• different: not the same; distinct or dissimilar [ˈdɪfərənt]
• said: past tense of the verb 'to say', indicating who is speaking [sɛd]
• Boxer: the name of the character speaking [ˈbɑksər]
• If: a conditional conjunction, introducing a condition [ɪf]
• Comrade: a term of address, often used among socialists or communists to indicate solidarity and equality [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• Napoleon: the name of the character being referred to [nəˈpoʊljən]
• says: third-person singular present tense of the verb 'to say', indicating what Napoleon is stating [sɪz]
• it: referring to what Napoleon says [ɪt]
• must: expressing necessity or obligation [məst]
• be: present tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [bi]
• right: correct; in accordance with fact or truth. The closing quotation mark indicates the end of Boxer's statement [right’*’]

‘That is the true spirit, comrade!’ cried Squealer, but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes.

• That: referring to something previously mentioned or understood [‘‘that]
• is: present tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [ɪz]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular spirit [ðə]
• true: genuine; authentic [tru]
• spirit: the prevailing mood or attitude [ˈspɪrɪt]
• comrade: a term of address, often used among socialists or communists to indicate solidarity and equality. The exclamation mark indicates strong emotion [ˈkɑmˌræd]
• cried: past tense of the verb 'to cry', indicating who is speaking and the manner in which they are speaking [kraɪd]
• Squealer: the name of the character speaking [squealer]
• but: a conjunction, introducing a contrasting statement [bət]
• it: referring to the fact that something was noticed [ɪt]
• was: past tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [wɑz]
• noticed: observed; perceived [ˈnoʊtɪst]
• he: referring to Squealer [hi]
• cast: past tense of the verb 'to cast', meaning to direct or give [kæst]
• a: indefinite article, introducing a look [ə]
• very: to a great degree; extremely [ˈvɛri]
• ugly: unpleasant or offensive in appearance [ˈəgli]
• look: an expression on someone's face [lʊk]
• at: preposition indicating direction or focus [æt]
• Boxer: the name of the character being looked at [ˈbɑksər]
• with: preposition indicating accompaniment or possession [wɪθ]
• his: possessive pronoun, referring to Squealer's eyes [hɪz]
• little: small in size [ˈlɪtəl]
• twinkling: shining with a flickering light [tˈwɪŋkəlɪŋ]
• eyes: organs of sight [aɪz]

He turned to go, then paused and added impressively: ‘I warn every animal on mis farm to keep his eyes very wide open.

• He: referring to Squealer [hi]
• turned: past tense of the verb 'to turn', meaning to change direction [tərnd]
• to: preposition indicating direction [tɪ]
• go: to move or travel [goʊ]
• then: at that time; next [ðɛn]
• paused: past tense of the verb 'to pause', meaning to stop temporarily [pɔzd]
• and: a conjunction, connecting two actions [ənd]
• added: past tense of the verb 'to add', meaning to say something more [ˈædɪd]
• impressively: in a way that makes a strong impression [ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli]
• I: first-person singular pronoun, referring to Squealer [aɪ]
• warn: to give notice to someone of possible danger or problems [wɔrn]
• every: each one of a group [ˈɛvəri]
• animal: a living creature that is not a human being [ˈænəməl]
• on: preposition indicating location [ɔn]
• mis: Typo, should be 'this' - indicating the current farm [mɪs]
• farm: an area of land and its buildings used for growing crops or raising animals [fɑrm]
• to: in order to [tɪ]
• keep: to continue to have or hold [kip]
• his: possessive pronoun, referring to each animal's eyes [hɪz]
• eyes: organs of sight [aɪz]
• very: to a great degree; extremely [ˈvɛri]
• wide: fully open [waɪd]
• open: not closed [ˈoʊpən]

Four days later, in the late afternoon.

• Four: the number 4 [fɔr]
• days: plural of day, a unit of time [deɪz]
• later: after a period of time [ˈleɪtər]
• in: preposition indicating location in time [ɪn]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular time [ðə]
• late: occurring near the end of a period of time [leɪt]
• afternoon: the period of time from noon to evening [ˌæftərˈnun]

Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard.

• Napoleon: the name of the character [nəˈpoʊljən]
• ordered: past tense of the verb 'to order', meaning to give an instruction or command [ˈɔrdərd]
• all: the whole number or quantity of [ɔl]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular group [ðə]
• animals: living creatures that are not human beings [ˈænəməlz]
• to: in order to [tɪ]
• assemble: to gather together in one place [əˈsɛmbəl]
• in: preposition indicating location [ɪn]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular place [ðə]
• yard: an area of land next to a building [jɑrd]

When they were all gathered together Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse, wearing both his medals (for he had recently awarded himself ‘Animal Hero, First Class’ and ‘Animal Hero, Second Class’), with his nine huge dogs frisking round him and uttering growls that sent shivers down all the animals’ spines.

• When: at the time that [wɪn]
• they: referring to the animals [ðeɪ]
• were: past tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [wər]
• all: the whole number or quantity of [ɔl]
• gathered: past participle of the verb 'to gather', meaning to come together [ˈgæðərd]
• together: in one place [təˈgɛðər]
• Napoleon: the name of the character [nəˈpoʊljən]
• emerged: past tense of the verb 'to emerge', meaning to come out of [ˈimərʤd]
• from: preposition indicating origin or source [frəm]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular place [ðə]
• farmhouse: the main house on a farm [ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs]
• wearing: having on one's body as clothing or accessories [ˈwɛrɪŋ]
• both: referring to two things considered together [boʊθ]
• his: possessive pronoun, referring to Napoleon's medals [hɪz]
• medals: ornamental metal discs or stars given as a reward for service or merit [ˈmɛdəlz]
• for: because; since [fər]
• he: referring to Napoleon [hi]
• had: past perfect tense auxiliary verb, indicating a completed action [hæd]
• recently: not long ago [ˈrisəntli]
• awarded: past participle of the verb 'to award', meaning to give as a prize or honor [əˈwɔrdɪd]
• himself: reflexive pronoun, referring back to Napoleon [hɪmˈsɛlf]
• Animal: a living creature that is not a human being [ˈænəməl]
• Hero: a person admired for their courage, achievements, or noble qualities [ˈhɪroʊ]
• First: coming before all others in order or importance [fərst]
• Class: a category or grade of quality or status [klæs]
• and: a conjunction, connecting two items [ənd]
• Animal: a living creature that is not a human being [ˈænəməl]
• Hero: a person admired for their courage, achievements, or noble qualities [ˈhɪroʊ]
• Second: coming after the first in order or importance [ˈsɛkənd]
• Class: a category or grade of quality or status [klæs]
• with: preposition indicating accompaniment [wɪθ]
• his: possessive pronoun, referring to Napoleon's dogs [hɪz]
• nine: the number 9 [naɪn]
• huge: extremely large; enormous [juʤ]
• dogs: domesticated carnivorous mammals [dɔgz]
• frisking: running and jumping playfully [frisking]
• round: surrounding [raʊnd]
• him: referring to Napoleon [ɪm]
• and: a conjunction, connecting two actions [ənd]
• uttering: past participle of the verb 'to utter', meaning to make a sound [ˈətərɪŋ]
• growls: low, guttural sounds made by an animal, typically expressing aggression [graʊlz]
• that: introducing a relative clause [ðət]
• sent: past tense of the verb 'to send', meaning to cause to go or be transmitted [sɛnt]
• shivers: sudden, uncontrollable trembling [ˈʃɪvərz]
• down: preposition indicating direction from top to bottom [daʊn]
• all: the whole number or quantity of [ɔl]
• the: definite article, specifying a particular group [ðə]
• animals: possessive form of the noun 'animals', indicating belonging [ˈænəməlz]
• spines: backbones [spaɪnz]

They all cowered silently in their places, seeming to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to happen.

• They: referring to the animals [ðeɪ]
• all: every one of a group [ɔl]
• cowered: past tense of the verb 'to cower', meaning to crouch down in fear [cowered]
• silently: without making any sound [ˈsaɪləntli]
• in: preposition indicating location [ɪn]
• their: possessive pronoun, referring to the animals' places [ðɛr]
• places: particular positions or locations [ˈpleɪsɪz]
• seeming: appearing to be [ˈsimɪŋ]
• to: in order to [tɪ]
• know: to be aware of [noʊ]
• in: preposition indicating time [ɪn]
• advance: ahead of time [ədˈvæns]
• that: introducing a clause expressing the content of the knowing [ðət]
• some: an unspecified amount or quantity of [səm]
• terrible: extremely bad or serious [ˈtɛrəbəl]
• thing: an object or entity [θɪŋ]
• was: past tense form of the verb 'to be', linking the subject to a description [wɑz]
• about: on the verge of [əˈbaʊt]
• to: indicating future action [tɪ]
• happen: to take place; occur [ˈhæpən]

Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a high-pitched whimper.

• Napoleon: Name of a character, often used to represent a leader or figure of authority [nəˈpoʊljən]
• stood: remained upright; was in a standing position [stʊd]
• sternly: in a serious, strict, or severe manner [ˈstərnli]
• surveying: looking carefully and thoroughly at something, especially so as to appraise it [ˈsərˌveɪɪŋ]
• his audience: the group of people gathered to watch or listen to something [hɪz ˈɔdiəns]
• then: at that time; next [ðɛn]
• he uttered: he spoke or expressed something [hi ˈətərd]
• a high-pitched whimper: a soft, crying sound that is high in tone [ə high-pitched ˈwɪmpər]

Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleon's feet.

• Immediately: at once; instantly [ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli]
• the dogs: referring to specific dogs, likely those under Napoleon's command [ðə dɔgz]
• bounded forward: moved quickly and energetically in a forward direction [ˈbaʊndɪd ˈfɔrwərd]
• seized: took hold of something suddenly and forcibly [sizd]
• four of the pigs: specifies a number of pigs out of a larger group [fɔr əv ðə pɪgz]
• by the ear: indicates the location where the pigs were grabbed [baɪ ðə ɪr]
• and dragged them: pulled them along forcefully [ənd drægd ðɛm]
• squealing: making a loud, high-pitched cry [skˈwilɪŋ]
• with pain and terror: expressing the cause of the squealing [wɪθ peɪn ənd ˈtɛrər]
• to Napoleon's feet: indicating the destination where the pigs were dragged [tɪ nəˈpoʊliənz fit]

The pigs’ ears were bleeding, the dogs had tasted blood, and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad.

• The pigs’ ears: possessive form indicating the ears belonging to the pigs [ðə pɪgz ɪrz]
• were bleeding: were emitting blood [wər ˈblidɪŋ]
• the dogs: referring to the dogs that seized the pigs [ðə dɔgz]
• had tasted blood: had experienced the taste of blood, implying a heightened sense of aggression [hæd ˈteɪstɪd bləd]
• and: conjunction connecting two related clauses [ənd]
• for a few moments: a short period of time [fər ə fju ˈmoʊmənts]
• they appeared: they seemed or gave the impression of being [ðeɪ əˈpɪrd]
• to go quite mad: to become completely insane or uncontrollably wild [tɪ goʊ kwaɪt mæd]

To the amazement of everybody three of them flung themselves upon Boxer.

• To the amazement of everybody: expressing surprise from all observers [tɪ ðə əˈmeɪzmənt əv ˈɛvriˌbɑdi]
• three of them: specifies a number of dogs out of the group [θri əv ðɛm]
• flung themselves: threw themselves forcefully [fləŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz]
• upon Boxer: onto Boxer; attacking Boxer [əˈpɑn ˈbɑksər]

Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air and pinned him to the ground.

• Boxer: Name of a character [ˈbɑksər]
• saw them coming: noticed their approach [sɔ ðɛm ˈkəmɪŋ]
• and: conjunction connecting two actions [ənd]
• put out: extended or reached out [pʊt aʊt]
• his great hoof: referring to Boxer's large foot [hɪz greɪt huf]
• caught: seized or trapped [kɔt]
• a dog: one of the attacking dogs [ə dɔg]
• in mid-air: while the dog was in the air [ɪn mid-air]
• and pinned him: and held him down [ənd pɪnd ɪm]
• to the ground: onto the earth [tɪ ðə graʊnd]

The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs.

• The dog: referring to the dog pinned by Boxer [ðə dɔg]
• shrieked: cried out loudly and sharply [ʃrikt]
• for mercy: asking for compassion or forgiveness [fər ˈmərsi]
• and: conjunction connecting two events [ənd]
• the other two: the remaining two dogs [ðə ˈəðər tu]
• fled: ran away quickly [flɛd]
• with their tails between their legs: an idiom indicating shame, fear, or submission [wɪθ ðɛr teɪlz bɪtˈwin ðɛr lɛgz]

Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go.

• Boxer: Name of a character [ˈbɑksər]
• looked: directed his gaze [lʊkt]
• at Napoleon: towards Napoleon [æt nəˈpoʊljən]
• to know: in order to understand or determine [tɪ noʊ]
• whether: expressing a choice between alternatives [ˈwɛðər]
• he should crush: he ought to smash or destroy [hi ʃʊd krəʃ]
• the dog: referring to the dog pinned by Boxer [ðə dɔg]
• to death: resulting in death [tɪ dɛθ]
• or: alternative conjunction [ər]
• let it go: release the dog [lɛt ɪt goʊ]

Napoleon appeared to change countenance, and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.

• Napoleon: Name of a character [nəˈpoʊljən]
• appeared: seemed or gave the impression of [əˈpɪrd]
• to change countenance: to alter his facial expression [tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈkaʊntənəns]
• and sharply: and in a stern or abrupt manner [ənd ˈʃɑrpli]
• ordered: gave a command [ˈɔrdərd]
• Boxer: Name of a character [ˈbɑksər]
• to let the dog go: to release the dog [tɪ lɛt ðə dɔg goʊ]
• whereat: at which point; whereupon [whereat]
• Boxer: Name of a character [ˈbɑksər]
• lifted: raised [ˈlɪftɪd]
• his hoof: referring to Boxer's foot [hɪz huf]
• and: conjunction connecting two actions [ənd]
• the dog: referring to the released dog [ðə dɔg]
• slunk away: moved away stealthily and quietly, often due to shame or fear [slunk əˈweɪ]
• bruised: injured with a contusion [bruzd]
• and howling: making a loud, mournful cry [ənd ˈhaʊlɪŋ]

Presently the tumult died down.

• Presently: soon; in a little while [ˈprɛzəntli]
• the tumult: a loud, confused noise, especially one caused by a large mass of people [ðə ˈtuməlt]
• died down: gradually subsided or diminished [daɪd daʊn]

The four pigs waited, trembling, with guilt written on every line of their countenances.

• The four pigs: referring to specific pigs, previously mentioned or known in the context [ðə fɔr pɪgz]
• waited: remained in place or expectant [ˈweɪtɪd]
• trembling: shaking involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, fear, or excitement [ˈtrɛmbəlɪŋ]
• with guilt: feeling of having done wrong or failed in an obligation [wɪθ gɪlt]
• written on: clearly visible or apparent in [ˈrɪtən ɔn]
• every line of their countenances: every aspect of their faces; their facial expressions clearly showed their guilt [ˈɛvəri laɪn əv ðɛr ˈkaʊntənənsɪz]

Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes.

• Napoleon: referring to a specific character named Napoleon [nəˈpoʊljən]
• now: at the present time; at this moment [naʊ]
• called upon them: formally requested or demanded them [kɔld əˈpɑn ðɛm]
• to confess: to admit or acknowledge something, typically a crime or sin [tɪ kənˈfɛs]
• their crimes: the illegal or immoral acts they had committed [ðɛr kraɪmz]

They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings.

• They: referring to the four pigs [ðeɪ]
• were: past tense of 'to be', indicating their identity or state [wər]
• the same four pigs: emphasizing that these were the same pigs who had previously caused trouble [ðə seɪm fɔr pɪgz]
• as had protested: who had expressed strong objection or disapproval [ɛz hæd ˈproʊˌtɛstəd]
• when Napoleon abolished: at the time when Napoleon ended or eliminated [wɪn nəˈpoʊljən əˈbɑlɪʃt]
• the Sunday Meetings: regular gatherings held on Sundays [ðə ˈsənˌdi ˈmitɪŋz]

Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr Frederick.

• Without: not having or doing something [wɪˈθaʊt]
• any further prompting: additional encouragement or urging [ˈɛni ˈfərðər ˈprɑmptɪŋ]
• they confessed: they admitted to wrongdoing [ðeɪ kənˈfɛst]
• that: introduces a clause stating what they confessed [ðət]
• they had been secretly: they had been doing something in a hidden or clandestine manner [ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈsikrɪtli]
• in touch with: communicating or maintaining contact with [ɪn təʧ wɪθ]
• Snowball: referring to a specific character named Snowball [sˈnoʊˌbɔl]
• ever since: continuously from a past time until now [ˈɛvər sɪns]
• his expulsion: the act of being forced out or removed [hɪz ɪkˈspəlʃən]
• that: introduces another clause stating what they confessed [ðət]
• they had collaborated: they had worked together, typically in a secret or illegal way [ðeɪ hæd kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd]
• with him: with Snowball [wɪθ ɪm]
• in destroying: in the act of ruining or demolishing [ɪn dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ]
• the windmill: a structure that uses wind power to generate energy [ðə ˈwɪndˌmɪl]
• and that: introduces another clause stating what they confessed [ənd ðət]
• they had entered into: they had made or formed [ðeɪ hæd ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu]
• an agreement: a mutual understanding or arrangement [ən əˈgrimənt]
• with him: with Snowball [wɪθ ɪm]
• to hand over: to give control or possession of [tɪ hænd ˈoʊvər]
• Animal Farm: the name of the farm [ˈænəməl fɑrm]
• to Mr Frederick: referring to a specific character named Mr. Frederick [tɪ ˈmɪstər ˈfrɛdərɪk]

They added that Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones's secret agent for years past.

• They added: they provided further information [ðeɪ ˈædɪd]
• that: introduces a clause stating what they added [ðət]
• Snowball had privately: Snowball had secretly or confidentially [sˈnoʊˌbɔl hæd ˈpraɪvətli]
• admitted to them: confessed to them [ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ðɛm]
• that: introduces a clause stating what Snowball admitted [ðət]
• he had been: he had existed or acted as [hi hæd bɪn]
• Jones's: belonging to a character named Jones [ˈʤoʊnzɪz]
• secret agent: a person who secretly gathers and transmits information [ˈsikrɪt ˈeɪʤənt]
• for years past: for many years in the past [fər jɪrz pæst]

When they had finished their confession the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess.

• When: at the time that [wɪn]
• they had finished: they had completed [ðeɪ hæd ˈfɪnɪʃt]
• their confession: the act of admitting their crimes [ðɛr kənˈfɛʃən]
• the dogs: referring to specific dogs, likely Napoleon's enforcers [ðə dɔgz]
• promptly: quickly and without delay [ˈprɑmptli]
• tore their throats out: violently killed them by attacking their throats [tɔr ðɛr θroʊts aʊt]
• and: connects two clauses [ənd]
• in a terrible voice: speaking in a frightening or menacing tone [ɪn ə ˈtɛrəbəl vɔɪs]
• Napoleon: referring to the character Napoleon [nəˈpoʊljən]
• demanded: asked forcefully or authoritatively [dɪˈmændɪd]
• whether: introduces an indirect question [ˈwɛðər]
• any other animal: any other creature on the farm [ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈænəməl]
• had anything: possessed something [hæd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ]
• to confess: to admit to wrongdoing [tɪ kənˈfɛs]