Animal Farm by George Orwell- page 46

Throughout that year the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year.

• Throughout: during the entirety of [θruaʊt]
• that year: referring to a specific year previously mentioned or understood [ðət jɪr]
• the animals: referring to the group of animals on the farm [ðə ˈænəməlz]
• worked: exerted effort; performed labor [wərkt]
• even harder: to a greater extent than before [ˈivɪn ˈhɑrdər]
• than: used for comparison [ðən]
• they had worked: referring to the amount of work they previously did [ðeɪ hæd wərkt]
• in the previous year: the year before the one being discussed [ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr]

To rebuild the windmill, with walls twice as thick as before, and to finish it by the appointed date, together with the regular work of the farm, was a tremendous labour.

• To rebuild: to construct again [tɪ riˈbɪld]
• the windmill: a structure with sails or vanes that turn in the wind, used to generate power or grind grain [ðə ˈwɪndˌmɪl]
• with walls: referring to the sides of the windmill [wɪθ wɔlz]
• twice as thick: having double the thickness [twaɪs ɛz θɪk]
• as before: compared to the previous thickness [ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr]
• and to finish: and to complete [ənd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ]
• it: referring to the windmill [ɪt]
• by the appointed date: by the agreed-upon or scheduled deadline [baɪ ðə əˈpɔɪntɪd deɪt]
• together with: in addition to [təˈgɛðər wɪθ]
• the regular work: the normal tasks [ðə ˈrɛgjələr wərk]
• of the farm: the usual duties associated with maintaining the farm [əv ðə fɑrm]
• was: linking the subject to the description [wɑz]
• a tremendous labour: an extremely difficult and demanding task [ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˈleɪbər]

There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in Jones's day.

• There were times: on some occasions [ðɛr wər taɪmz]
• when: at which [wɪn]
• it seemed: it appeared [ɪt simd]
• to the animals: in the opinion of the animals [tɪ ðə ˈænəməlz]
• that: introducing a clause expressing the content of their thought [ðət]
• they worked: the animals exerted effort [ðeɪ wərkt]
• longer hours: more hours than usual [ˈlɔŋgər aʊərz]
• and fed: and were given food [ənd fɛd]
• no better: not in a better condition or quality [noʊ ˈbɛtər]
• than: used for comparison [ðən]
• they had done: than they were fed [ðeɪ hæd dən]
• in Jones's day: during the time when Mr. Jones was in charge of the farm [ɪn ˈʤoʊnzɪz deɪ]

On Sunday mornings Squealer, holding down a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent, three hundred per cent, or five hundred per cent, as the case might be.

• On Sunday mornings: every Sunday morning [ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈmɔrnɪŋz]
• Squealer: a character's name [squealer]
• holding down: keeping in place [ˈhoʊldɪŋ daʊn]
• a long strip: a narrow piece [ə lɔŋ strɪp]
• of paper: material used for writing or printing [əv ˈpeɪpər]
• with his trotter: using his foot (as a pig [wɪθ hɪz ˈtrɑtər]
• would read out: would announce aloud [wʊd rɛd aʊt]
• to them: to the animals [tɪ ðɛm]
• lists of figures: numerical data [lɪsts əv ˈfɪgjərz]
• proving: demonstrating [ˈpruvɪŋ]
• that: introducing a clause stating what was being proven [ðət]
• the production: the amount produced [ðə pərˈdəkʃən]
• of every class: of each type [əv ˈɛvəri klæs]
• of foodstuff: any substance that can be used as food [əv ˈfudˌstəf]
• had increased: had gone up [hæd ˌɪnˈkrist]
• by two hundred per cent: by 200% [baɪ tu ˈhənərd pər sɛnt]
• three hundred per cent: by 300% [θri ˈhənərd pər sɛnt]
• or five hundred per cent: or by 500% [ər faɪv ˈhənərd pər sɛnt]
• as the case might be: depending on the specific situation [ɛz ðə keɪs maɪt bi]

The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him, especially as they could no longer remember very clearly what conditions had been like before the Rebellion.

• The animals: the group of animals on the farm [ðə ˈænəməlz]
• saw no reason: had no cause [sɔ noʊ ˈrizən]
• to disbelieve him: to not believe what he was saying [tɪ dɪsbɪˈliv ɪm]
• especially as: particularly because [əˈspɛʃəli ɛz]
• they could no longer remember: they were unable to recall [ðeɪ kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər rɪˈmɛmbər]
• very clearly: with great detail [ˈvɛri ˈklɪrli]
• what conditions: the circumstances [wət kənˈdɪʃənz]
• had been like: were [hæd bɪn laɪk]
• before the Rebellion: prior to the uprising [ˌbiˈfɔr ðə rɪˈbɛljən]

All the same, there were days when they felt that they would sooner have had less figures and more food.

• All the same: nevertheless [ɔl ðə seɪm]
• there were days: on some occasions [ðɛr wər deɪz]
• when: at which [wɪn]
• they felt: they had the sensation [ðeɪ fɛlt]
• that: introducing a clause expressing their feeling [ðət]
• they would sooner have had: they would have preferred [ðeɪ wʊd ˈsunər hæv hæd]
• less figures: fewer numbers [lɛs ˈfɪgjərz]
• and more food: a greater quantity of food [ənd mɔr fud]

All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs.

• All orders: refers to every command or instruction given [ɔl ˈɔrdərz]
• were now issued: meaning the commands were given from that point forward [wər naʊ ˈɪʃud]
• through: indicating the means or intermediary by which the orders were given [θru]
• Squealer: name of a character, implying that Squealer is the one giving the orders [squealer]
• or: used to introduce an alternative [ər]
• one of the other pigs: indicating that Squealer is not the only pig giving orders [wən əv ðə ˈəðər pɪgz]

Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight.

• Napoleon himself: emphasizing that Napoleon, the leader, was the subject [nəˈpoʊljən hɪmˈsɛlf]
• was not seen: meaning he was not visible or present [wɑz nɑt sin]
• in public: meaning in open or accessible places where people gather [ɪn ˈpəblɪk]
• as often as: indicating a frequency or rate [ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz]
• once in a fortnight: meaning once every two weeks [wəns ɪn ə ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt]

When he did appear he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter, letting out a loud ‘cock-a-doodle-doo’ before Napoleon spoke.

• When he did appear: meaning when Napoleon actually showed up [wɪn hi dɪd əˈpɪr]
• he was attended: meaning he was accompanied or escorted [hi wɑz əˈtɛndəd]
• not only by: indicating that there was more than one type of attendant [nɑt ˈoʊnli baɪ]
• his retinue of dogs: meaning a group of dogs that accompanied him, suggesting a protective or ceremonial function [hɪz ˈrɛtəˌnu əv dɔgz]
• but by: introducing an additional type of attendant [bət baɪ]
• a black cockerel: a male chicken with black feathers [ə blæk cockerel]
• who marched: meaning the cockerel walked in a formal or ceremonial way [hu mɑrʧt]
• in front of him: meaning the cockerel walked ahead of Napoleon [ɪn frənt əv ɪm]
• and acted as: meaning the cockerel served the function of [ənd ˈæktɪd ɛz]
• a kind of trumpeter: meaning the cockerel's crowing served as an announcement, like a trumpet [ə kaɪnd əv ˈtrəmpətər]
• letting out: meaning emitting or producing [ˈlɛtɪŋ aʊt]
• before Napoleon spoke: meaning the cockerel crowed before Napoleon began to talk [ˌbiˈfɔr nəˈpoʊljən spoʊk]

Even in the farmhouse, it was said, Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others.

• Even in the farmhouse: meaning even within the building where they lived [ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs]
• it was said: indicating that this was a rumor or report [ɪt wɑz sɛd]
• Napoleon inhabited: meaning Napoleon lived in or occupied [nəˈpoʊljən ˌɪnˈhæbətəd]
• separate apartments: meaning distinct rooms or living spaces [ˈsɛpərˌeɪt əˈpɑrtmənts]
• from the others: meaning he did not share living spaces with the other animals [frəm ðə ˈəðərz]

He took his meals alone, with two dogs to wait upon him, and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room.

• He took his meals: meaning he ate his food [hi tʊk hɪz milz]
• alone: meaning without company [əˈloʊn]
• with two dogs: meaning accompanied by two dogs [wɪθ tu dɔgz]
• to wait upon him: meaning to serve him during his meals [tɪ weɪt əˈpɑn ɪm]
• and always ate: meaning he consistently ate [ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz eɪt]
• from the Crown Derby dinner service: referring to a set of fine china dishes made by Crown Derby [frəm ðə kraʊn ˈdərbi ˈdɪnər ˈsərvɪs]
• which had been: indicating that the dinner service was previously located [wɪʧ hæd bɪn]
• in the glass cupboard: meaning a cabinet with glass doors [ɪn ðə glæs ˈkəbərd]
• in the drawing-room: meaning a formal room for receiving guests [ɪn ðə drawing-room]

It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday, as well as on the other two anniversaries.

• It was also announced: meaning it was officially declared [ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnaʊnst]
• that the gun: referring to a firearm [ðət ðə gən]
• would be fired: meaning the gun would be shot or discharged [wʊd bi faɪərd]
• every year: meaning annually [ˈɛvəri jɪr]
• on Napoleon's birthday: meaning on the anniversary of Napoleon's birth [ɔn nəˈpoʊliənz ˈbərθˌdeɪ]
• as well as: in addition to [ɛz wɛl ɛz]
• on the other two anniversaries: meaning on two other significant dates [ɔn ðə ˈəðər tu ˌænəˈvərsəriz]

Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as ‘Napoleon’. He was always referred to in formal style as ‘our Leader, Comrade Napoleon’, and the pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheepfold, Ducklings’ Friend, and the like.

• Napoleon: A proper noun, referring to a specific individual, in this context likely a character in a story [nəˈpoʊljən]
• was now never spoken of: Indicates that Napoleon was no longer referred to in a casual or informal manner [wɑz naʊ ˈnɛvər ˈspoʊkən əv]
• simply as: merely, just, only [ˈsɪmpli ɛz]
• Napoleon: The character's name, used informally [‘‘napoleon’*’]
• He: Referring back to Napoleon [hi]
• was always referred to: He was consistently called [wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ]
• as: being known as [ɛz]
• our Leader, Comrade Napoleon: A formal title used to address Napoleon, indicating his position of authority and camaraderie [‘‘our ˈlidər ˈkɑmˌræd napoleon’*’]
• and: Connecting the previous statement to the following one [ənd]
• the pigs: Referring to a group of animals, likely characters in a story [ðə pɪgz]
• liked: enjoyed, preferred [laɪkt]
• to invent: to create, to come up with [tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛnt]
• for him: for Napoleon [fər ɪm]
• such titles as: examples of titles [səʧ ˈtaɪtəlz ɛz]
• Father of All Animals: A grandiose title suggesting Napoleon's importance and care for all animals [ˈfɑðər əv ɔl ˈænəməlz]
• Terror of Mankind: A title suggesting Napoleon's power and fear he inspires in humans [ˈtɛrər əv ˈmænˈkaɪnd]
• Protector of the Sheepfold: A title suggesting Napoleon's role in safeguarding the sheep [prəˈtɛktər əv ðə sheepfold]
• Ducklings’ Friend: A title suggesting Napoleon's kindness and care for even the smallest animals [ˈdəklɪŋz frɛnd]
• and the like: and similar titles [ənd ðə laɪk]

In his speeches Squealer would talk with the tears rolling down his cheeks of Napoleon's wisdom, the goodness of his heart, and the deep love he bore to all animals everywhere, even and especially the unhappy animals who still lived in ignorance and slavery on other farms.

• In his speeches: During the times when he gave a formal address to an audience [ɪn hɪz ˈspiʧɪz]
• Squealer: A proper noun, likely the name of a character [squealer]
• would talk: used to speak [wʊd tɔk]
• with the tears rolling down his cheeks: an exaggerated expression of emotion, suggesting deep sincerity or manipulation [wɪθ ðə tɪrz ˈroʊlɪŋ daʊn hɪz ʧiks]
• of Napoleon's wisdom: about Napoleon's intelligence and good judgment [əv nəˈpoʊliənz ˈwɪzdəm]
• the goodness of his heart: the kindness and compassion of Napoleon [ðə ˈgʊdnɪs əv hɪz hɑrt]
• and: Connecting the previous statement to the following one [ənd]
• the deep love: the profound affection [ðə dip ləv]
• he bore: he had [hi bɔr]
• to all animals everywhere: for every animal in every place [tɪ ɔl ˈænəməlz ˈɛvriˌwɛr]
• even and especially: particularly, in particular [ˈivɪn ənd əˈspɛʃəli]
• the unhappy animals: animals that are not happy [ðə ənˈhæpi ˈænəməlz]
• who still lived: that continued to live [hu stɪl lɪvd]
• in ignorance and slavery: without knowledge and under oppressive conditions [ɪn ˈɪgnərəns ənd sˈleɪvəri]
• on other farms: on farms other than their own [ɔn ˈəðər fɑrmz]

It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune.

• It had become usual: It was now common practice [ɪt hæd bɪˈkəm ˈjuʒəwəl]
• to give Napoleon the credit: to attribute the success [tɪ gɪv nəˈpoʊljən ðə ˈkrɛdɪt]
• for every successful achievement: for each accomplishment that was a success [fər ˈɛvəri səkˈsɛsfəl əˈʧivmənt]
• and every stroke of good fortune: and each instance of luck [ənd ˈɛvəri stroʊk əv gʊd ˈfɔrʧən]