Animal Farm by George Orwell- page 5

At this moment there was a tremendous uproar.

• At: Expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position [æt]
• this: Used to identify a specific person or thing observed or heard by the speaker [ðɪs]
• moment: A very brief period of time [ˈmoʊmənt]
• there: Used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• was: Past tense of 'to be', indicating existence or occurrence in the past [wɑz]
• a tremendous: Extremely large or great [ə trɪˈmɛndəs]
• uproar: A loud and impassioned noise or disturbance [ˈəˌprɔr]

While Major was speaking four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters, listening to him.

• While: During the time that; at the same time as [waɪl]
• Major: Referring to the character 'Major' [ˈmeɪʤər]
• was: Past tense of 'to be', indicating existence or occurrence in the past [wɑz]
• speaking: The action of saying something in order to convey information or express a feeling [ˈspikɪŋ]
• four: The number 4 [fɔr]
• large: Of considerable or relatively great size, extent, or capacity [lɑrʤ]
• rats: Rodent mammals that typically have a long tail, pointed snout, and coarse fur [ræts]
• had: Past perfect auxiliary verb [hæd]
• crept: Past participle of 'creep', meaning to move slowly and carefully in order to avoid being noticed [krɛpt]
• out: Moving or appearing to move away from a particular place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden [aʊt]
• of: Expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• their: Belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• holes: Cavities in the ground or in a solid object [hoʊlz]
• and: Used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• were: Past tense of 'to be', indicating existence or occurrence in the past [wər]
• sitting: The action of resting on one's buttocks or thighs [ˈsɪtɪŋ]
• on: Expressing the surface of something [ɔn]
• their: Belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• hindquarters: The rear part of an animal's body [ˈhaɪndkˌwɔrtərz]
• listening: Giving one's attention to a sound [ˈlɪsənɪŋ]
• to: Expressing direction or location [tɪ]
• him: Used to refer to the male subject of the clause or sentence [ɪm]

The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them, and it was only by a swift dash for their holes that the rats saved their lives.

• The: Referring to someone or something previously mentioned or easily identified [ðə]
• dogs: Domesticated carnivorous mammals that typically have a pointed snout, an acute sense of smell, and a barking, howling, or whining voice [dɔgz]
• had: Past perfect auxiliary verb [hæd]
• suddenly: Quickly and unexpectedly [ˈsədənli]
• caught: Past tense of 'catch', meaning to seize or capture someone or something [kɔt]
• sight: The ability to see [saɪt]
• of: Expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• them: Used to refer to people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛm]
• and: Used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• it: Used to refer to something previously mentioned or easily identified [ɪt]
• was: Past tense of 'to be', indicating existence or occurrence in the past [wɑz]
• only: And no one or nothing more besides [ˈoʊnli]
• by: Expressing the means of achieving something [baɪ]
• a swift: Happening quickly or promptly [ə swɪft]
• dash: An act of running somewhere suddenly and rapidly [dæʃ]
• for: Expressing the purpose or reason for something [fər]
• their: Belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• holes: Cavities in the ground or in a solid object [hoʊlz]
• that: Introducing a subordinate clause expressing a statement or hypothesis [ðət]
• the: Referring to someone or something previously mentioned or easily identified [ðə]
• rats: Rodent mammals that typically have a long tail, pointed snout, and coarse fur [ræts]
• saved: Past tense of 'save', meaning to rescue someone or something from danger or difficulty [seɪvd]
• their: Belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• lives: The condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death [lɪvz]

‘Comrades,’ he said, ‘here is a point that must be settled. The wild creatures, such as rats and rabbits – are they our friends or our enemies?

• Comrades: A term used to address fellow members or allies, often associated with socialist or communist ideologies. [‘‘comrades’*’]
• he: Referring to a male individual previously mentioned, in this case, likely a character in the story. [hi]
• said: Past tense of 'say', indicating that he spoke. [sɛd]
• here: Indicates a point or topic that is about to be introduced. [‘‘here]
• is: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'here' to 'a point'. [ɪz]
• a point: A specific issue, topic, or matter under consideration. [ə pɔɪnt]
• that: A relative pronoun introducing a clause that describes the 'point'. [ðət]
• must: Expresses necessity or obligation. [məst]
• creatures: Animals or living beings. [ˈkriʧərz]
• such as: Used to introduce examples of the preceding category. [səʧ ɛz]
• rats: Small rodents, often considered pests. [ræts]
• and: A conjunction connecting 'rats' and 'rabbits'. [ənd]
• rabbits: Small mammals with long ears and strong hind legs. [ˈræbəts]
• are: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'the wild creatures' to their potential status. [ər]
• they: Referring to the 'wild creatures' mentioned earlier. [ðeɪ]
• our: Belonging to or associated with the speaker and their group. [ɑr]
• friends: Individuals who are supportive and loyal. [frɛndz]
• or: A conjunction indicating an alternative. [ər]
• our: Belonging to or associated with the speaker and their group. [ɑr]
• enemies: Individuals who are hostile or opposed to the speaker and their group. [ˈɛnəmiz]

The vote was taken at once, and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades. There were only four dissentients, the three dogs and the cat, who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides. Major continued:

• The vote: The act of expressing one's opinion or choice in a formal election or decision-making process. [ðə voʊt]
• was taken: Implies that the voting process was conducted. [wɑz ˈteɪkən]
• at once: Immediately; without delay. [æt wəns]
• and: A conjunction connecting two related clauses. [ənd]
• it: Refers to the outcome of the vote. [ɪt]
• was agreed: Indicates that there was a consensus or acceptance. [wɑz əˈgrid]
• by: Indicates the means or agent by which something is done. [baɪ]
• an overwhelming: Very strong or forceful; too great to be resisted. [ən ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ]
• majority: More than half of the total; the greater number. [məˈʤɔrəti]
• that: Introduces a clause stating what was agreed upon. [ðət]
• rats: Small rodents, often considered pests. [ræts]
• were: Past tense of the verb 'to be', indicating the status of the rats. [wər]
• were: Past tense of the verb 'to be', indicating the number of dissentients. [wər]
• only: Indicates a limited number. [ˈoʊnli]
• four: The number 4. [fɔr]
• dissentients: People who disagree with a prevailing opinion or decision. [dissentients]
• the three: Specifies the number of dogs. [ðə θri]
• dogs: Domesticated canines. [dɔgz]
• and: A conjunction connecting 'dogs' and 'the cat'. [ənd]
• the cat: A domesticated feline. [ðə kæt]
• who: A relative pronoun referring to 'the cat'. [hu]
• was: Past tense of the verb 'to be', indicating the cat's action. [wɑz]
• afterwards: At a later time; subsequently. [ˈæftərwərdz]
• discovered: Found out or learned something previously unknown. [dɪˈskəvərd]
• to have voted: To have participated in the voting process. [tɪ hæv ˈvoʊtɪd]
• on: Indicating which sides the cat voted on. [ɔn]
• both: Referring to two sides. [boʊθ]
• continued: Continued speaking. [kənˈtɪnjud]

‘I have little more to say. I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal.

• I: The speaker. [‘‘i]
• have: Present tense of the verb 'to have', indicating possession or state. [hæv]
• little: Not much; a small amount. [ˈlɪtəl]
• more: A greater amount or degree. [mɔr]
• merely: Only; simply. [ˈmɪrli]
• repeat: To say something again. [rɪˈpit]
• remember: To keep in mind; to not forget. [rɪˈmɛmbər]
• always: At all times; constantly. [ˈɔlˌweɪz]
• your: Belonging to or associated with the listener(s). [jʊr]
• duty: A moral or legal obligation. [ˈduti]
• of: Indicating the nature of the duty. [əv]
• enmity: Deep-seated hatred or hostility. [ˈɛnmɪti]
• towards: Directed at; in relation to. [təˈwɔrdz]
• Man: Human beings in general. [mæn]
• and: A conjunction connecting 'Man' and 'all his ways'. [ənd]
• all: The whole quantity or extent of. [ɔl]
• his: Belonging to Man. [hɪz]
• goes: Moves or walks. [goʊz]
• upon: On; supported by. [əˈpɑn]
• two: The number 2. [tu]
• legs: Limbs used for walking or standing. [lɛgz]
• is: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'whatever goes upon two legs' to its status. [ɪz]
• goes: Moves or walks. [goʊz]
• upon: On; supported by. [əˈpɑn]
• four: The number 4. [fɔr]
• legs: Limbs used for walking or standing. [lɛgz]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• has: Present tense of the verb 'to have', indicating possession. [həz]
• wings: Appendages used for flying. [wɪŋz]
• is: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'whatever goes upon four legs or has wings' to its status. [ɪz]
• remember: To keep in mind; to not forget. [rɪˈmɛmbər]
• also: In addition; as well. [ˈɔlsoʊ]
• that: Introduces a clause stating an additional point. [ðət]
• in: Indicating the context of an action. [ɪn]
• fighting: Engaging in combat or conflict. [ˈfaɪtɪŋ]
• against: In opposition to. [əˈgɛnst]
• Man: Human beings in general. [mæn]
• we: The speaker and their group. [wi]
• must: Expresses necessity or obligation. [məst]
• not: Used to negate a statement. [nɑt]
• come: To arrive at a certain state or condition. [kəm]
• to: Indicating the resulting state. [tɪ]
• resemble: To look or be like someone or something else. [rɪˈzɛmbəl]
• when: At the time that. [wɪn]
• you: Referring to the listener(s). [ju]
• have conquered: To have defeated or overcome. [hæv ˈkɑŋkərd]
• him: Referring to Man. [ɪm]
• do: Used for emphasis or to form a question or negative statement. [du]
• not: Used to negate a statement. [nɑt]
• adopt: To take on or start to use. [əˈdɑpt]
• his: Belonging to Man. [hɪz]
• animal: A living creature that is not a human being or plant. [ˈænəməl]
• must: Expresses necessity or obligation. [məst]
• ever: At any time; always. [ˈɛvər]
• live: To have one's home in a particular place. [lɪv]
• in: Indicating location. [ɪn]
• a house: A building used as a dwelling. [ə haʊs]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• sleep: To rest with one's eyes closed. [slip]
• in: Indicating location. [ɪn]
• a bed: A piece of furniture used for sleeping. [ə bɛd]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• wear: To have clothing on one's body. [wɛr]
• clothes: Items worn to cover the body. [kloʊðz]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• drink: To consume liquid. [drɪŋk]
• alcohol: An intoxicating beverage. [ˈælkəˌhɑl]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• smoke: To inhale and exhale the smoke of burning tobacco or other substances. [smoʊk]
• tobacco: A plant whose leaves are smoked or chewed. [təˈbæˌkoʊ]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• touch: To come into physical contact with. [təʧ]
• money: A medium of exchange. [ˈməni]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• engage: To participate in. [ɪnˈgeɪʤ]
• in: Indicating involvement in an activity. [ɪn]
• the habits: Customary ways of behaving. [ðə ˈhæbəts]
• of: Indicating possession or origin. [əv]
• Man: Human beings in general. [mæn]
• above: In addition to; more than. [əˈbəv]
• all: Most importantly. [ɔl]
• no: Not any; not one. [noʊ]
• animal: A living creature that is not a human being or plant. [ˈænəməl]
• must: Expresses necessity or obligation. [məst]
• ever: At any time; always. [ˈɛvər]
• tyrannise: To rule or treat someone cruelly or unjustly. [tyrannise]
• over: In a position of authority or control over. [ˈoʊvər]
• his: Belonging to the animal. [hɪz]
• own: Belonging to oneself. [oʊn]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• strong: Having physical strength or power. [strɔŋ]
• clever: Intelligent or quick-witted. [ˈklɛvər]
• or: A conjunction introducing an alternative. [ər]
• simple: Easy to understand or do. [ˈsɪmpəl]
• we: The speaker and their group. [wi]
• are: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'we' to its state. [ər]
• all: Every one of a group. [ɔl]
• animal: A living creature that is not a human being or plant. [ˈænəməl]
• must: Expresses necessity or obligation. [məst]
• ever: At any time; always. [ˈɛvər]
• kill: To cause the death of. [kɪl]
• any: One or some of a thing or number of things, no matter which. [ˈɛni]
• other: Different from the one already mentioned or known. [ˈəðər]
• animals: Living creatures that are not human beings or plants. [ˈænəməlz]
• are: Present tense of the verb 'to be', linking 'animals' to their state. [ər]

‘And now, comrades, I will tell you about my dream of last night.

• And: Used to introduce an additional piece of information or a continuation of a narrative [‘‘and]
• now: At the present time; immediately [naʊ]
• comrades: A term used to address fellow members of a group or organization, often with a sense of solidarity [ˈkɑmˌrædz]
• I: The speaker or writer referring to themselves [aɪ]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• tell: To communicate information or narrate something [tɛl]
• you: The person or people being addressed [ju]
• about: Concerning or relating to [əˈbaʊt]
• my dream: A series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep [maɪ drim]
• of last night: Referring to the dream experienced during the previous night [əv læst naɪt]

I cannot describe that dream to you.

• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• cannot: Contraction of 'can not', indicating inability [ˈkænɑt]
• describe: To give a detailed account or representation of something [dɪˈskraɪb]
• that dream: Referring to the dream mentioned earlier [ðət drim]
• to you: To the person or people being addressed [tɪ ju]

It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished.

• It: Refers to the dream [ɪt]
• was: Past tense of 'to be' [wɑz]
• a dream: An experience during sleep [ə drim]
• of the earth: Relating to the planet we live on [əv ðə ərθ]
• as: In the state or condition that [ɛz]
• it: Refers to the earth [ɪt]
• will be: Future tense of 'to be' [wɪl bi]
• when: At the time that [wɪn]
• Man: Human beings in general [mæn]
• has vanished: Has disappeared completely [həz ˈvænɪʃt]

But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten.

• But: Used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has been said previously [bət]
• it: Referring to the dream [ɪt]
• reminded: Caused someone to remember something [riˈmaɪndɪd]
• me: The speaker [mi]
• of something: An unspecified thing [əv ˈsəmθɪŋ]
• that: Referring to the 'something' mentioned earlier [ðət]
• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• had long forgotten: Had forgotten for a long time [hæd lɔŋ fərˈgɑtən]

Many years ago, when I was a little pig, my mother and the other sows used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three words.

• Many years ago: A long time in the past [ˈmɛni jɪrz əˈgoʊ]
• when: At the time that [wɪn]
• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• was: Past tense of 'to be' [wɑz]
• a little pig: A young swine [ə ˈlɪtəl pɪg]
• my mother: The speaker's female parent [maɪ ˈməðər]
• and: Used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• the other sows: Other adult female pigs [ðə ˈəðər soʊz]
• used to sing: Had a habit of singing [juzd tɪ sɪŋ]
• an old song: A song that has been around for a long time [ən oʊld sɔŋ]
• of which: Relating to the song [əv wɪʧ]
• they: Referring to the mother and other sows [ðeɪ]
• knew: Past tense of 'to know', meaning to be aware of or have information about [nu]
• only: Merely; just [ˈoʊnli]
• the tune: A sequence of musical notes [ðə tun]
• and: Connecting the tune and the first three words [ənd]
• the first three words: The initial three words of the song [ðə fərst θri wərdz]

I had known that tune in my infancy, but it had long since passed out of my mind.

• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• had known: Past perfect tense of 'to know', meaning had been familiar with [hæd noʊn]
• that tune: Referring to the tune mentioned earlier [ðət tun]
• in my infancy: During the speaker's early childhood [ɪn maɪ ˈɪnfənsi]
• but: Used to introduce a contrast [bət]
• it: Referring to the tune [ɪt]
• had long since: A long time ago [hæd lɔŋ sɪns]
• passed out of my mind: Been forgotten [pæst aʊt əv maɪ maɪnd]

Last night, however, it came back to me in my dream.

• Last night: The previous night [læst naɪt]
• however: Nevertheless; despite that [ˌhaʊˈɛvər]
• it: Referring to the tune [ɪt]
• came back: Returned to memory [keɪm bæk]
• to me: To the speaker [tɪ mi]
• in my dream: During the speaker's dream [ɪn maɪ drim]

And what is more, the words of the song also came back – words, I am certain, which were sung by the animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for generations.

• And: Used to introduce an additional piece of information [ənd]
• what is more: In addition; furthermore [wət ɪz mɔr]
• the words: The verbal content of the song [ðə wərdz]
• of the song: Relating to the song [əv ðə sɔŋ]
• also: In addition; too [ˈɔlsoʊ]
• came back: Returned to memory [keɪm bæk]
• words: Introducing a clarification or explanation of what was meant by 'the words' [–* wərdz]
• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• am certain: Sure; confident [æm ˈsərtən]
• which: Referring to the words [wɪʧ]
• were sung: Past passive tense of 'to sing', meaning were performed vocally [wər səŋ]
• by the animals: Performed by non-human creatures [baɪ ðə ˈænəməlz]
• of long ago: From a distant past [əv lɔŋ əˈgoʊ]
• and: Connecting the idea of the words being sung by animals of long ago with the idea of them being lost to memory [ənd]
• have been lost: Past perfect passive tense of 'to lose', meaning have disappeared from [hæv bɪn lɔst]
• to memory: From being remembered [tɪ ˈmɛməri]
• for generations: For many successive generations [fər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz]

I will sing you that song now, comrades.

• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• will sing: Future tense of 'to sing', meaning will perform vocally [wɪl sɪŋ]
• you: The audience being addressed [ju]
• that song: Referring to the song mentioned earlier [ðət sɔŋ]
• now: At the present time [naʊ]
• comrades: Addressing the audience as fellow members [ˈkɑmˌrædz]

I am old and my voice is hoarse, but when I have taught you the tune, you can sing it better for yourselves.

• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• am old: Advanced in age [æm oʊld]
• and: Connecting the speaker's old age with their hoarse voice [ənd]
• my voice: The sound produced by the speaker's vocal cords [maɪ vɔɪs]
• is hoarse: Rough and grating in sound [ɪz hɔrs]
• but: Introducing a contrast [bət]
• when: At the time that [wɪn]
• I: The speaker [aɪ]
• have taught: Past perfect tense of 'to teach', meaning have imparted knowledge of [hæv tɔt]
• you: The audience being addressed [ju]
• the tune: The melody of the song [ðə tun]
• you: The audience being addressed [ju]
• can sing: Are able to sing [kən sɪŋ]
• it: Referring to the song [ɪt]
• better: In a more skilled or effective way [ˈbɛtər]
• for yourselves: On your own; without assistance [fər ˈjɔrsɛlvz]