The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 33

For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring.

• For: used to indicate the purpose or reason of something [fər]
• a long time: a considerable duration [ə lɔŋ taɪm]
• after that: following a particular event or time [ˈæftər ðət]
• everyone: every person [ˈɛvriˌwən]
• had called: past perfect tense of 'call', indicating a name or title given in the past [hæd kɔld]
• him: referring to a male person previously mentioned [ɪm]
• The Champion: a title given to someone who has defeated all rivals in a competition [ðə ˈʧæmpiən]
• and: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses [ənd]
• there had been: past perfect tense indicating existence in the past [ðɛr hæd bɪn]
• a return match: a second match or game played between the same opponents [ə rɪˈtərn mæʧ]
• in the spring: during the season of spring [ɪn ðə spərɪŋ]

But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• not much money: a small amount of money [nɑt məʧ ˈməni]
• was bet: past tense of 'bet', indicating that money was wagered [wɑz bɛt]
• and: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses [ənd]
• he had won: past perfect tense of 'win', indicating that he achieved victory [hi hæd wən]
• it: referring to the return match [ɪt]
• quite easily: with little difficulty [kwaɪt ˈizəli]
• since: because; as [sɪns]
• he had broken: past perfect tense of 'break', indicating the destruction of something [hi hæd ˈbroʊkən]
• the confidence: the feeling of self-assurance [ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns]
• of the negro: referring to a person of African descent; note that this term may be considered outdated or offensive in some contexts [əv ðə ˈnigroʊ]
• from Cienfuegos: indicating origin from the city of Cienfuegos [frəm cienfuegos]
• in the first match: during the initial game or competition [ɪn ðə fərst mæʧ]

After that he had a few matches and then no more.

• After that: following that event or time [ˈæftər ðət]
• he had: contraction of 'he had' [hi hæd]
• a few matches: a small number of games or competitions [ə fju ˈmæʧɪz]
• and then: subsequently [ənd ðɛn]
• no more: not any further matches [noʊ mɔr]

He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing.

• He decided: He made a choice or judgment [hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• he could beat: he was capable of defeating [hi kʊd bit]
• anyone: any person [ˈɛniˌwən]
• if: introduces a conditional clause [ɪf]
• he wanted to: he desired to [hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ]
• badly enough: to a sufficient degree [ˈbædli ɪˈnəf]
• and: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses [ənd]
• he decided: He made a choice or judgment [hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• it was bad: it was harmful or detrimental [ɪt wɑz bæd]
• for his right hand: concerning his dominant hand [fər hɪz raɪt hænd]
• for fishing: in relation to the activity of fishing [fər ˈfɪʃɪŋ]

He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand.

• He had tried: He attempted [hi hæd traɪd]
• a few practice matches: some training games or competitions [ə fju ˈpræktɪs ˈmæʧɪz]
• with his left hand: using his non-dominant hand [wɪθ hɪz lɛft hænd]

But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• his left hand: his non-dominant hand [hɪz lɛft hænd]
• had always been: past perfect tense indicating a continuous state in the past [hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn]
• a traitor: someone who betrays or is disloyal [ə ˈtreɪtər]
• and: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses [ənd]
• would not do: refused to perform [wʊd nɑt du]
• what: referring to the action or task [wət]
• he called on: he commanded or expected [hi kɔld ɔn]
• it to do: the action to be performed [ɪt tɪ du]
• and: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses [ənd]
• he did not trust: he lacked confidence in [hi dɪd nɑt trəst]
• it: referring to his left hand [ɪt]

The sun will bake it out well now, he thought.

• The sun: the star that provides light and heat to the Earth [ðə sən]
• will bake: future tense of 'bake', meaning to harden or dry something by exposure to heat [wɪl beɪk]
• it: refers to something previously mentioned or understood, likely the speaker's situation or a specific object [ɪt]
• out: completely; thoroughly [aʊt]
• well: in a satisfactory or effective manner [wɛl]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• he thought: indicates the speaker's internal thought [hi θɔt]

It should not cramp on me again unless it gets too cold in the night.

• It: refers to a situation or condition [ɪt]
• should not: indicates a lack of obligation or expectation [ʃʊd nɑt]
• cramp: to restrict or inhibit the development or movement of something [kræmp]
• on me: affecting the speaker personally [ɔn mi]
• again: once more; repeatedly [əˈgɛn]
• unless: except if [ənˈlɛs]
• it gets: if the weather becomes [ɪt gɪts]
• too cold: excessively low in temperature [tu koʊld]
• in the night: during the nighttime [ɪn ðə naɪt]

I wonder what this night will bring.

• I wonder: expresses curiosity or doubt [aɪ ˈwəndər]
• what: used to ask about the nature or identity of something [wət]
• this night: the current or upcoming night [ðɪs naɪt]
• will bring: what will happen or occur [wɪl brɪŋ]

An airplane passed overhead on its course to Miami and he watched its shadow scaring up the schools of flying fish.

• An airplane: a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces [ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn]
• passed overhead: flew above [pæst ˈoʊvərˈhɛd]
• on its course: following its designated route [ɔn ɪts kɔrs]
• to Miami: destination city [tɪ maɪˈæmi]
• and: conjunction connecting two clauses [ənd]
• he watched: the subject observed [hi wɔʧt]
• its shadow: the dark shape cast by the airplane [ɪts ˈʃæˌdoʊ]
• scaring up: causing to scatter or rise suddenly [ˈskɛrɪŋ əp]
• the schools: large groups [ðə skulz]
• of flying fish: fish that can leap out of the water and glide through the air [əv flaɪɪŋ fɪʃ]

''With so much flying fish there should be dolphin,'' he said, and leaned back on the line to see if it was possible to gain any on his fish.

• With: Indicates the presence or inclusion of something [wɪθ]
• so much: a large quantity of [soʊ məʧ]
• flying fish: fish that can leap out of the water and glide through the air [flaɪɪŋ fɪʃ]
• there should be: it is expected that there are [ðɛr ʃʊd bi]
• dolphin: a marine mammal [ˈdɑlfən]
• he said: the speaker stated [ hi sɛd]
• and: conjunction connecting two clauses [ənd]
• leaned back: reclined slightly [lind bæk]
• on the line: referring to a fishing line, indicating he was putting tension on it [ɔn ðə laɪn]
• to see: in order to determine [tɪ si]
• if it was possible: whether it was feasible [ɪf ɪt wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl]
• to gain any: to make progress or advantage [tɪ geɪn ˈɛni]
• on his fish: in relation to the fish he was trying to catch [ɔn hɪz fɪʃ]

But he could not and it stayed at the hardness and water-drop shivering that preceded breaking.

• But: contrastive conjunction [bət]
• he could not: he was unable to [hi kʊd nɑt]
• and: conjunction connecting two clauses [ənd]
• it stayed: it remained [ɪt steɪd]
• at the hardness: referring to the tension or resistance of the fishing line [æt ðə ˈhɑrdnəs]
• and water-drop shivering: a trembling or vibrating sensation resembling water droplets, indicating the line was about to break [ənd water-drop ˈʃɪvərɪŋ]
• that preceded: that came before [ðət prɪˈsidɪd]
• breaking: snapping or severing of the line [ˈbreɪkɪŋ]

The boat moved ahead slowly and he watched the airplane until he could no longer see it.

• The boat: the vessel [ðə boʊt]
• moved ahead: progressed forward [muvd əˈhɛd]
• slowly: at a low speed [sˈloʊli]
• and: conjunction connecting two clauses [ənd]
• he watched: the subject observed [hi wɔʧt]
• the airplane: a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces [ðə ˈɛrˌpleɪn]
• until: up to the point that [ənˈtɪl]
• he could no longer: he was no longer able to [hi kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər]
• see it: visually perceive the airplane [si ɪt]

It must be very strange in an airplane, he thought.

• It: refers to an unspecified subject or situation [ɪt]
• must: expresses a strong degree of certainty or logical conclusion [məst]
• be: indicates a state or condition [bi]
• very: to a high degree; extremely [ˈvɛri]
• strange: unusual or surprising in a way that is unsettling or hard to understand [streɪnʤ]
• in: located inside or within a particular place or thing [ɪn]
• an airplane: a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces [ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn]
• he: third-person singular masculine pronoun referring to the subject of the thought [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think', indicating a mental process or reflection [θɔt]

I wonder what the sea looks like from that height?

• I: first-person singular pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• wonder: to feel curiosity or doubt about something [ˈwəndər]
• what: used to ask for information specifying something [wət]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• sea: the expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface [si]
• looks: appears or seems to be [lʊks]
• like: similar to; in the manner of [laɪk]
• from: indicating a starting point or origin [frəm]
• that: used to identify a specific thing observed or heard by the speaker [ðət]
• height: the measurement from base to top or of altitude [haɪt]

They should be able to see the fish well if they do not fly too high.

• They: third-person plural pronoun referring to a group of people or entities [ðeɪ]
• should: used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions [ʃʊd]
• be able: to have the capacity or ability to do something [bi ˈeɪbəl]
• to see: to perceive with the eyes [tɪ si]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• fish: a limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water [fɪʃ]
• well: in a satisfactory or effective way [wɛl]
• if: introducing a conditional clause [ɪf]
• they: third-person plural pronoun referring to a group of people or entities [ðeɪ]
• do: used for emphasis or to form questions and negative statements [du]
• not: used to negate a statement [nɑt]
• fly: to move through the air using wings [flaɪ]
• too: to a higher degree than is desirable, permissible, or possible; excessively [tu]
• high: having a large distance from top to bottom or a specified level [haɪ]

I would like to fly very slowly at two hundred fathoms high and see the fish from above.

• I: first-person singular pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• would: used to express a desire or polite request [wʊd]
• like: to find pleasant or attractive [laɪk]
• to fly: to move through the air using wings [tɪ flaɪ]
• very: to a high degree; extremely [ˈvɛri]
• slowly: at a slow speed; not quickly [sˈloʊli]
• at: expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position [æt]
• two hundred: the number 200 [tu ˈhənərd]
• fathoms: a unit of length equal to six feet, used chiefly in reference to the depth of water [ˈfæðəmz]
• high: having a large distance from top to bottom or a specified level [haɪ]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• see: perceive with the eyes; discern visually [si]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• fish: a limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water [fɪʃ]
• from: indicating a starting point or origin [frəm]
• above: at a higher level or layer than [əˈbəv]

In the turtle boats I was in the cross-trees of the mast-head and even at that height I saw much.

• In: expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else [ɪn]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• turtle: a slow-moving reptile, enclosed in a shell [ˈtərtəl]
• boats: a small vessel propelled on water by oars, sails, or an engine [boʊts]
• I: first-person singular pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• was: past tense of 'be', indicating a state or condition [wɑz]
• in: expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else [ɪn]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• cross-trees: horizontal timbers fixed athwart the mastheads of sailing vessels to spread the rigging [cross-trees]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• mast-head: the top of a ship's mast [mast-head]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• even: used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising [ˈivɪn]
• at: expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position [æt]
• that: used to identify a specific thing observed or heard by the speaker [ðət]
• height: the measurement from base to top or of altitude [haɪt]
• I: first-person singular pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• saw: past tense of 'see', meaning to perceive with the eyes [sɔ]
• much: a large amount or quantity of something [məʧ]

The dolphin look greener from there and you can see their stripes and their purple spots and you can see all of the school as they swim.

• The: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• dolphin: a small toothed whale with a beaklike snout and a curved fin on the back [ˈdɑlfən]
• look: to turn one's eyes in a specified direction [lʊk]
• greener: more green in color [ˈgrinər]
• from: indicating a starting point or origin [frəm]
• there: in or at that place or position [ðɛr]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• you: second-person singular or plural pronoun referring to the person or people being addressed [ju]
• can: expressing possibility or ability [kən]
• see: perceive with the eyes; discern visually [si]
• their: belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• stripes: a long narrow band or strip, typically of a different color or texture from the surrounding material [straɪps]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• their: belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛr]
• purple: a color intermediate between red and blue [ˈpərpəl]
• spots: a small round or roundish mark, differing in color or texture from the surface around it [spɑts]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• you: second-person singular or plural pronoun referring to the person or people being addressed [ju]
• can: expressing possibility or ability [kən]
• see: perceive with the eyes; discern visually [si]
• all: used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of [ɔl]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• school: a large number of fish or marine animals swimming together [skul]
• as: used to indicate that two things happen at the same time [ɛz]
• they: third-person plural pronoun referring to a group of people or entities [ðeɪ]
• swim: move through water by means of the limbs, fins, or tail [swɪm]

Why is it that all the fast-moving fish of the dark current have purple backs and usually purple stripes or spots?

• Why: for what reason or purpose [waɪ]
• is: third-person singular present of 'be', indicating a state or condition [ɪz]
• it: refers to an unspecified subject or situation [ɪt]
• that: used to introduce a subordinate clause expressing the reason for something [ðət]
• all: used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of [ɔl]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• fast-moving: moving or capable of moving at high speed [fast-moving]
• fish: a limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water [fɪʃ]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• dark: with little or no light [dɑrk]
• current: a body of water or air moving in a definite direction [ˈkɑrənt]
• have: possess, own, or hold something [hæv]
• purple: a color intermediate between red and blue [ˈpərpəl]
• backs: the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips [bæks]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• usually: under normal conditions; generally [ˈjuʒəwəli]
• purple: a color intermediate between red and blue [ˈpərpəl]
• stripes: a long narrow band or strip, typically of a different color or texture from the surrounding material [straɪps]
• or: used to link alternatives [ər]
• spots: a small round or roundish mark, differing in color or texture from the surface around it [spɑts]

The dolphin looks green of course because he is really golden.

• The: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• dolphin: a small toothed whale with a beaklike snout and a curved fin on the back [ˈdɑlfən]
• looks: appears or seems to be [lʊks]
• green: of the color between blue and yellow in the spectrum; colored like grass or leaves [grin]
• of course: used to indicate that something is obvious or well known [əv kɔrs]
• because: for the reason that [bɪˈkəz]
• he: third-person singular masculine pronoun referring to the subject of the sentence [hi]
• is: third-person singular present of 'be', indicating a state or condition [ɪz]
• really: in fact; actually [ˈrɪli]
• golden: of the color or shine of gold [ˈgoʊldən]

But when he comes to feed, truly hungry, purple stripes show on his sides as on a marlin.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something previously said [bət]
• when: at or during the time that [wɪn]
• he: third-person singular masculine pronoun referring to the subject of the sentence [hi]
• comes: move or travel toward or into a place thought of as near or familiar to the speaker [kəmz]
• to feed: to give food to; to eat [tɪ fid]
• truly: in a truthful way; honestly [ˈtruli]
• hungry: feeling or displaying the need for food [ˈhəŋgri]
• purple: a color intermediate between red and blue [ˈpərpəl]
• stripes: a long narrow band or strip, typically of a different color or texture from the surrounding material [straɪps]
• show: allow or cause to be visible [ʃoʊ]
• on: physically in contact with and supported by (a surface [ɔn]
• his: belonging to or associated with a male person or animal previously mentioned or easily identified [hɪz]
• sides: a position to the left or right of a person or object [saɪdz]
• as: used to indicate that two things happen at the same time [ɛz]
• on: physically in contact with and supported by (a surface [ɔn]
• a: used when referring to someone or something for the first time in a text or conversation [ə]
• marlin: a large long-billed oceanic fish [ˈmɑrlɪn]

Can it be anger, or the greater speed he makes that brings them out?

• Can: expressing possibility or ability [kən]
• it: refers to an unspecified subject or situation [ɪt]
• be: indicates a state or condition [bi]
• anger: a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility [ˈæŋgər]
• or: used to link alternatives [ər]
• the: definite article used to specify a particular noun [ðə]
• greater: of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the average or norm [ˈgreɪtər]
• speed: the rate at which someone or something moves or operates [spid]
• he: third-person singular masculine pronoun referring to the subject of the sentence [hi]
• makes: to create or construct something [meɪks]
• that: used to identify a specific thing observed or heard by the speaker [ðət]
• brings: cause (someone or something) to come to or be in a place or situation [brɪŋz]
• them: used to refer to two or more people or things previously mentioned or easily identified [ðɛm]
• out: away from the inside or center [aʊt]