The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 51

''Think about something cheerful, old man,'' he said. ''Every minute now you are closer to home.

• Think: Imperative verb, meaning to use one's mind to consider or ponder something [θɪŋk]
• about: Preposition indicating the subject or topic of thought [əˈbaʊt]
• something: An unspecified or indefinite thing [ˈsəmθɪŋ]
• cheerful: Adjective describing something that promotes happiness or a good mood [ˈʧɪrfəl]
• old man: Term of address, possibly affectionate or condescending, to an elderly man [oʊld mæn]
• he said: Attribution of the preceding quote to a male speaker [ hi sɛd]
• Every: Adjective indicating each member of a group without exception [ˈɛvəri]
• minute: Noun referring to a unit of time equal to sixty seconds [ˈmɪnət]
• now: Adverb indicating the present time [naʊ]
• you are: Contraction of 'you are', referring to the person being addressed [ju ər]
• closer: Comparative adjective indicating a shorter distance [ˈkloʊzər]
• to home: Phrase indicating the destination of one's residence or familiar place [tɪ hoʊm]

He knew quite well the pattern of what could happen when he reached the inner part of the current.

• He knew: Past tense of 'to know', indicating awareness or understanding [hi nu]
• quite well: Adverbial phrase emphasizing the degree of knowledge [kwaɪt wɛl]
• the pattern: Noun referring to a predictable sequence or arrangement [ðə ˈpætərn]
• of what could happen: Phrase describing potential future events [əv wət kʊd ˈhæpən]
• when he reached: Subordinate clause indicating the time of reaching a place [wɪn hi riʧt]
• the inner part: Noun phrase referring to the central or interior section [ðə ˈɪnər pɑrt]
• of the current: Noun phrase referring to a body of water moving in a definite direction [əv ðə ˈkɑrənt]

But there was nothing to be done now.

• But: Conjunction introducing a contrasting statement [ bət]
• there was: Existential clause indicating the presence of something [ðɛr wɑz]
• nothing: Pronoun indicating the absence of anything [ˈnəθɪŋ]
• to be done: Infinitive phrase indicating an action to be performed [tɪ bi dən]
• now: Adverb indicating the present time [naʊ]

''Yes there is,'' he said aloud. ''I can lash my knife to the butt of one of the oars.''

• Yes: Affirmative response [jɛs]
• there is: Expression indicating the existence of a solution or possibility [ðɛr ɪz]
• he said: Attribution of the preceding quote to a male speaker [hi sɛd]
• aloud: Adverb indicating that the statement was spoken audibly [əˈlaʊd]
• I can: Contraction of 'I can', expressing ability [aɪ kən]
• lash: Verb meaning to tie or fasten securely with a rope or cord [læʃ]
• my knife: Noun phrase referring to the speaker's knife [maɪ naɪf]
• to the butt: Prepositional phrase indicating the location where the knife will be attached [tɪ ðə bət]
• of one of the oars: Prepositional phrase specifying which oar [əv wən əv ðə ɔrz]

So he did that with the tiller under his arm and the sheet of the sail under his foot.

• So: Adverb indicating consequence or result [soʊ]
• he did: Past tense of 'to do', indicating an action performed [hi dɪd]
• that: Pronoun referring to the action described in the previous sentence [ðət]
• with the tiller: Prepositional phrase indicating the tool being used [wɪθ ðə ˈtɪlər]
• under his arm: Prepositional phrase indicating the location of the tiller [ˈəndər hɪz ɑrm]
• and the sheet: Noun phrase referring to a rope or chain used to control a sail [ənd ðə ʃit]
• of the sail: Prepositional phrase specifying which sail [əv ðə seɪl]
• under his foot: Prepositional phrase indicating the location of the sheet [ˈəndər hɪz fʊt]

''Now,'' he said. ''I am still an old man.

• Now: Interjection indicating the present time or a change in situation [naʊ]
• he said: Attribution of the preceding quote to a male speaker [hi sɛd]
• I am: Contraction of 'I am', expressing the speaker's identity [aɪ æm]
• still: Adverb indicating continuation of a state [stɪl]
• an old man: Noun phrase describing the speaker's age [ən oʊld mæn]

The breeze was fresh now and he sailed on well.

• The breeze: a gentle wind [ðə briz]
• was fresh: felt new and invigorating [wɑz frɛʃ]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• sailed: moved across water in a boat using sails [seɪld]
• on: continuously; without stopping [ɔn]
• well: in a satisfactory or successful manner [wɛl]

He watched only the forward part of the fish and some of his hope returned.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• watched: looked at attentively over a period of time [wɔʧt]
• only: merely; just [ˈoʊnli]
• the forward part: the front section [ðə ˈfɔrwərd pɑrt]
• of the fish: referring to the fish [əv ðə fɪʃ]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• some: an unspecified amount or number of [səm]
• of his hope: referring to his feeling of optimism [əv hɪz hoʊp]
• returned: came back; was restored [rɪˈtərnd]

It is silly not to hope, he thought.

• It: refers to the situation or action being discussed [ɪt]
• is silly: is foolish or lacking good sense [ɪz ˈsɪli]
• not to hope: to lack optimism or expectation of a positive outcome [nɑt tɪ hoʊp]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think'; had an idea or opinion [θɔt]

Besides I believe it is a sin.

• Besides: in addition to; moreover [ˌbiˈsaɪdz]
• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• believe: accept as true; have faith in [bɪˈliv]
• it: refers to the idea of hoping [ɪt]
• is a sin: is an act considered to be a transgression against divine law [ɪz ə sɪn]

Do not think about sin, he thought.

• Do not: used to give a negative command or instruction [du nɑt]
• think: have thoughts or ideas [θɪŋk]
• about sin: regarding actions considered to be morally wrong [əˈbaʊt sɪn]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think'; had an idea or opinion [θɔt]

There are enough problems now without sin.

• There: used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• are: present tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [ər]
• enough: sufficient; adequate [ɪˈnəf]
• problems: difficulties or challenges [ˈprɑbləmz]
• now: at the present time [naʊ]
• without sin: in addition to the existing difficulties, without adding moral transgressions [wɪˈθaʊt sɪn]

Also I have no understanding of it.

• Also: in addition; moreover [ˈɔlsoʊ]
• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• have no understanding: lack comprehension or knowledge [hæv noʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ]
• of it: referring to the concept of sin [əv ɪt]

I have no understanding of it and I am not sure that I believe in it.

• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• have no understanding: lack comprehension or knowledge [hæv noʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ]
• of it: referring to the concept of sin [əv ɪt]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• am not sure: do not have certainty [æm nɑt ʃʊr]
• that: introduces a subordinate clause [ðət]
• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• believe: accept as true; have faith in [bɪˈliv]
• in it: referring to the concept of sin [ɪn ɪt]

Perhaps it was a sin to kill the fish.

• Perhaps: maybe; possibly [pərˈhæps]
• it: refers to the act of killing the fish [ɪt]
• was a sin: was an act considered to be a transgression against divine law [wɑz ə sɪn]
• to kill: to end the life of [tɪ kɪl]
• the fish: referring to the fish [ðə fɪʃ]

I suppose it was even though I did it to keep me alive and feed many people.

• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• suppose: assume; believe [səˈpoʊz]
• it: refers to the act of killing the fish [ɪt]
• was: past tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [wɑz]
• even though: despite the fact that [ˈivɪn ðoʊ]
• I: the speaker or writer [aɪ]
• did it: performed the action of killing the fish [dɪd ɪt]
• to keep: in order to maintain [tɪ kip]
• me: the speaker or writer [mi]
• alive: living; not dead [əˈlaɪv]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• feed: provide food for [fid]
• many people: a large number of individuals [ˈmɛni ˈpipəl]

But then everything is a sin.

• But: however; nevertheless [bət]
• then: at that time; also [ðɛn]
• everything: all things; all aspects [ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ]
• is a sin: is an act considered to be a transgression against divine law [ɪz ə sɪn]

Do not think about sin.

• Do not: used to give a negative command or instruction [du nɑt]
• think: have thoughts or ideas [θɪŋk]
• about sin: regarding actions considered to be morally wrong [əˈbaʊt sɪn]

It is much too late for that and there are people who are paid to do it.

• It: refers to the act of thinking about sin [ɪt]
• is: present tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [ɪz]
• much too late: considerably past the appropriate time [məʧ tu leɪt]
• for that: for that purpose or action [fər ðət]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• there: used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• are: present tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [ər]
• people: human beings; individuals [ˈpipəl]
• who: introduces a relative clause referring to people [hu]
• are paid: receive money in exchange for their services [ər peɪd]
• to do it: to think about sin [tɪ du ɪt]

Let them think about it.

• Let them: allow those people [lɛt ðɛm]
• think: have thoughts or ideas [θɪŋk]
• about it: regarding the concept of sin [əˈbaʊt ɪt]

You were born to be a fisherman as the fish was born to be a fish.

• You: the person being addressed [ju]
• were born: came into existence through birth [wər bɔrn]
• to be: to become; to exist as [tɪ bi]
• a fisherman: a person who catches fish for a living or for sport [ə ˈfɪʃərˌmæn]
• as: in the same way that; just as [ɛz]
• the fish: referring to the fish [ðə fɪʃ]
• was born: came into existence through birth [wɑz bɔrn]
• to be: to become; to exist as [tɪ bi]
• a fish: an aquatic animal [ə fɪʃ]

San Pedro was a fisherman as was the father of the great DiMaggio.

• San Pedro: Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen [sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ]
• was: past tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [wɑz]
• a fisherman: a person who catches fish for a living or for sport [ə ˈfɪʃərˌmæn]
• as: in the same way that; just as [ɛz]
• was: past tense of 'be'; indicates existence or state [wɑz]
• the father: the male parent [ðə ˈfɑðər]
• of the great: of the famous and skilled [əv ðə greɪt]
• DiMaggio: Joe DiMaggio, a famous baseball player [dɪˈmæʤiˌoʊ]

But he liked to think about all things that he was involved in and since there was nothing to read and he did not have a radio, he thought much and he kept on thinking about sin.

• But: conjunction used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has been said previously [bət]
• he: refers to a male person or animal previously mentioned or known [hi]
• liked: found pleasure in; enjoyed [laɪkt]
• to think: to use one's mind to consider or reason about something [tɪ θɪŋk]
• about: concerning; regarding [əˈbaʊt]
• all things: every aspect or matter [ɔl θɪŋz]
• that: introduces a relative clause specifying 'all things' [ðət]
• he: referring to the same male person as in 'he liked' [hi]
• was involved in: participated in or was connected to [wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• since: because; as [sɪns]
• there: used to indicate the existence or presence of something [ðɛr]
• was: past tense of 'is'; existed [wɑz]
• nothing: not anything; no single thing [ˈnəθɪŋ]
• to read: suitable or available for reading [tɪ rɛd]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• did not have: did not possess [dɪd nɑt hæv]
• a radio: an electronic device for receiving radio broadcasts [ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think'; used one's mind [θɔt]
• much: a great deal; often [məʧ]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• kept on thinking: continued to think repeatedly [kɛpt ɔn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
• about: concerning; regarding [əˈbaʊt]
• sin: an act regarded as a transgression against divine law [sɪn]

You did not kill the fish only to keep alive and to sell for food, he thought.

• You: the person being addressed [ju]
• did not kill: past tense of 'do not kill'; did not end the life of [dɪd nɑt kɪl]
• the fish: a specific fish being referred to [ðə fɪʃ]
• only: merely; just [ˈoʊnli]
• to keep alive: to maintain in a living state [tɪ kip əˈlaɪv]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• to sell: to exchange for money [tɪ sɛl]
• for food: as a source of nourishment [fər fud]
• he: referring to the same male person [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think'; used one's mind [θɔt]

You killed him for pride and because you are a fisherman.

• You: the person being addressed [ju]
• killed: past tense of 'kill'; ended the life of [kɪld]
• him: referring to the fish [ɪm]
• for pride: due to a feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements [fər praɪd]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• because: for the reason that [bɪˈkəz]
• you: the person being addressed [ju]
• are: present tense of 'be'; am, is, are [ər]
• a fisherman: a person who catches fish for a living or for sport [ə ˈfɪʃərˌmæn]

You loved him when he was alive and you loved him after.

• You: the person being addressed [ju]
• loved: past tense of 'love'; felt deep affection for [ləvd]
• him: referring to the fish [ɪm]
• when: at the time that [wɪn]
• he: referring to the fish [hi]
• was: past tense of 'be'; am, is, are [wɑz]
• alive: living; not dead [əˈlaɪv]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• you: the person being addressed [ju]
• loved: past tense of 'love'; felt deep affection for [ləvd]
• him: referring to the fish [ɪm]
• after: subsequently; later [ˈæftər]

If you love him, it is not a sin to kill him.

• If: on the condition that; supposing that [ɪf]
• you: the person being addressed [ju]
• love: feel deep affection for [ləv]
• him: referring to the fish [ɪm]
• it: referring to the act of killing the fish [ɪt]
• is not: is not; is not the case that [ɪz nɑt]
• a sin: an act regarded as a transgression against divine law [ə sɪn]
• to kill: to end the life of [tɪ kɪl]
• him: referring to the fish [ɪm]

Or is it more?

• Or: used to introduce an alternative [ər]
• is it: is it the case [ɪz ɪt]
• more: a greater amount or degree [mɔr]

''You think too much, old man,'' he said aloud.

• You: Addressing someone directly [ju]
• think: To use one's mind actively to form connected ideas [θɪŋk]
• too much: Excessively; to an unnecessary degree [tu məʧ]
• old man: A term of address, possibly affectionate or condescending, towards an elderly man [oʊld mæn]
• he: Referring to the subject of the sentence, likely the protagonist [hi]
• said: Past tense of 'say,' indicating spoken words [sɛd]
• aloud: In a voice loud enough to be heard [əˈlaʊd]

But you enjoyed killing the dentuso, he thought.

• But: conjunction used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has been said previously [bət]
• you: the person being addressed [ju]
• enjoyed: past tense of 'enjoy'; found pleasure in [ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd]
• killing: the act of causing death [ˈkɪlɪŋ]
• the dentuso: likely a specific type of fish, possibly a shark [ðə dentuso]
• he: referring to the same male person as before [hi]
• thought: past tense of 'think'; used one's mind [θɔt]

He lives on the live fish as you do.

• He: referring to the dentuso [hi]
• lives: present tense of 'live'; exists; survives [lɪvz]
• on: supported by; sustained by [ɔn]
• the live fish: fish that are still alive [ðə lɪv fɪʃ]
• as: in the same way that [ɛz]
• you: the person being addressed [ju]
• do: used to avoid repeating the verb 'live' [du]

He is not a scavenger nor just a moving appetite as some sharks are.

• He: referring to the dentuso [hi]
• is not: is not; is not the case that [ɪz nɑt]
• a scavenger: an animal that feeds on dead or decaying matter [ə ˈskævənʤər]
• nor: and not; also not [nɔr]
• just: only; merely [ʤɪst]
• a moving appetite: an entity that is solely driven by the need to eat [ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈæpəˌtaɪt]
• as: like; similar to [ɛz]
• some sharks: certain types of sharks [səm ʃɑrks]
• are: present tense of 'be'; am, is, are [ər]

He is beautiful and noble and knows no fear of anything.

• He: referring to the dentuso [hi]
• is: present tense of 'be'; am, is, are [ɪz]
• beautiful: pleasing the senses or mind aesthetically [ˈbjutəfəl]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• noble: having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles [ˈnoʊbəl]
• and: conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• knows: present tense of 'know'; be aware of [noʊz]
• no fear: absence of fear [noʊ fɪr]
• of: relating to; concerning [əv]
• anything: any object, event, or circumstance [ˈɛniˌθɪŋ]