The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway- page 8

''Good night then.

• Good night then: A polite farewell expression used when someone is going to sleep [gʊd naɪt ðɛn]

''You're my alarm clock,'' the boy said.

• You're: contraction of 'you are' [jʊr]
• my alarm clock: the person who wakes me up [maɪ əˈlɑrm klɑk]
• the boy said: statement made by the boy [ðə bɔɪ sɛd]

''Age is my alarm clock,'' the old man said. ''Why do old men wake so early?

• Age is: The process of growing old is [eɪʤ ɪz]
• my alarm clock: what wakes me up [maɪ əˈlɑrm klɑk]
• the old man said: statement made by the elderly man [ðə oʊld mæn sɛd]
• Why: asking the reason [waɪ]
• do old men wake: elderly men get out of bed [du oʊld mɛn weɪk]
• so early: at such an early time [soʊ ˈərli]

''I don't know,'' the boy said. ''All I know is that young boys sleep late and hard.''

• I don't know: Indicates the beginning of a direct quote. 'I don't know' means the speaker lacks information or understanding. 'don't' is a contraction of 'do not' [aɪ doʊnt noʊ]
• the boy said: Attribution of the quote to the boy. 'said' is the past tense of 'say', indicating the action of speaking [ðə bɔɪ sɛd]
• All I know: Beginning of another direct quote. 'All I know' indicates a limitation of knowledge to what follows [ɔl aɪ noʊ]
• is that: Connects the statement of limited knowledge to the content of that knowledge [ɪz ðət]
• young boys: Refers to male children or adolescents [jəŋ bɔɪz]
• sleep late: To sleep until a later time than usual [slip leɪt]
• and hard: 'hard' means deeply or soundly. The quote ends here. [ənd hɑrd]

''I can remember it,'' the old man said. ''I'll waken you in time.''

• I can remember it: Beginning of a direct quote. 'I can remember it' means the speaker is able to recall something [aɪ kən rɪˈmɛmbər ɪt]
• the old man said: Attribution of the quote to the old man. 'said' is the past tense of 'say', indicating the action of speaking [ðə oʊld mæn sɛd]
• I'll waken you: Beginning of another direct quote. 'I'll' is a contraction of 'I will', indicating a future action. 'waken' means to wake someone up [aɪl ˈweɪkən ju]
• in time: 'in time' means with enough time to spare or at the appropriate moment. The quote ends here. [ɪn taɪm]

''I do not like for him to waken me.

• I do not like: Beginning of a direct quote. 'I do not like' expresses a dislike or aversion [aɪ du nɑt laɪk]
• for him to waken me: 'for him to waken me' indicates the object of dislike is someone waking the speaker up [fər ɪm tɪ ˈweɪkən mi]

''I know.''

• I know: Beginning and end of a direct quote. 'I know' indicates understanding or awareness. [aɪ noʊ]

''Sleep well old man.''

• Sleep well: Beginning of a direct quote. 'Sleep well' is a wish for a good night's sleep [slip wɛl]
• old man: Addressing the old man. The quote ends here. [oʊld mæn]

The boy went out.

• The boy went out: 'The boy went out' describes the action of the boy leaving a place [ðə bɔɪ wɛnt aʊt]

They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark.

• They had eaten: 'They had eaten' indicates that the boy and the old man had finished eating. 'had eaten' is the past perfect tense of 'eat' [ðeɪ hæd ˈitən]
• with no light: 'with no light' means without any illumination [wɪθ noʊ laɪt]
• on the table: 'on the table' specifies the location where the light was absent [ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl]
• and the old man: Connects the previous action to the actions of the old man [ənd ðə oʊld mæn]
• took off his trousers: 'took off his trousers' describes the action of removing his pants [tʊk ɔf hɪz ˈtraʊzərz]
• and went to bed: 'went to bed' means he went to sleep [ənd wɛnt tɪ bɛd]
• in the dark: 'in the dark' means without any light [ɪn ðə dɑrk]

He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them.

• He rolled his trousers up: 'He rolled his trousers up' describes the action of folding his pants into a roll [hi roʊld hɪz ˈtraʊzərz əp]
• to make a pillow: 'to make a pillow' explains the purpose of rolling up the trousers [tɪ meɪk ə ˈpɪloʊ]
• putting the newspaper: 'putting the newspaper' describes the action of placing the newspaper [ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər]
• inside them: 'inside them' specifies where the newspaper was placed, referring to the rolled-up trousers [ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛm]

He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed.

• He rolled himself: 'He rolled himself' describes the action of wrapping himself [hi roʊld hɪmˈsɛlf]
• in the blanket: 'in the blanket' specifies what he wrapped himself in [ɪn ðə ˈblæŋkɪt]
• and slept: 'and slept' indicates that he fell asleep [ənd slɛpt]
• on the other old newspapers: 'on the other old newspapers' specifies where he slept [ɔn ðə ˈəðər oʊld ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz]
• that covered the springs: 'that covered the springs' describes the function of the newspapers [ðət ˈkəvərd ðə spərɪŋz]
• of the bed: 'of the bed' specifies which springs are being referred to [əv ðə bɛd]

He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains.

• He: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• was asleep: in a state of sleep [wɑz əsˈlip]
• in a short time: quickly; soon [ɪn ə ʃɔrt taɪm]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• dreamed: experienced a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep [drimd]
• of: expressing the relationship between the dreamer and the subject of the dream [əv]
• Africa: a continent [ˈæfrɪkɑ]
• when: at the time that [wɪn]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• was: past tense of 'to be' [wɑz]
• a boy: a young male [ə bɔɪ]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• the long golden beaches: extensive sandy areas by the sea, with sand that has a yellow or gold color [ðə lɔŋ ˈgoʊldən ˈbiʧɪz]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• the white beaches: sandy areas by the sea, with sand that is white [ðə waɪt ˈbiʧɪz]
• so white: extremely white; to such a degree of whiteness [soʊ waɪt]
• they: refers to the white beaches [ðeɪ]
• hurt: caused pain [hərt]
• your eyes: the organs of sight [jʊr aɪz]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• the high capes: tall, prominent landforms extending into the sea [ðə haɪ keɪps]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• the great brown mountains: large mountains that are brown in color [ðə greɪt braʊn ˈmaʊntənz]

He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats come riding through it.

• He: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• lived: past tense of 'to live'; resided [lɪvd]
• along that coast: by the shoreline of that specific coastal area [əˈlɔŋ ðət koʊst]
• now: at the present time; currently [naʊ]
• every night: each night; on all nights [ˈɛvəri naɪt]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• in his dreams: during his sleep [ɪn hɪz drimz]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• heard: past tense of 'to hear'; perceived sounds [hərd]
• the surf roar: the loud, crashing sound of waves breaking on the shore [ðə sərf rɔr]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• saw: past tense of 'to see'; perceived visually [sɔ]
• the native boats: boats belonging to the indigenous people of the area [ðə ˈneɪtɪv boʊts]
• come riding: approaching and moving through the water [kəm ˈraɪdɪŋ]
• through it: through the surf [θru ɪt]

He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning.

• He: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• smelled: past tense of 'to smell'; perceived odors [smɛld]
• the tar: a dark, thick, oily liquid distilled from wood or coal [ðə tɑr]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• oakum: a material made of loosely twisted hemp or jute fiber, used for caulking seams in wooden ships [oakum]
• of the deck: belonging to the ship's deck [əv ðə dɛk]
• as: while [ɛz]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• slept: past tense of 'to sleep'; was in a state of sleep [slɛpt]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• smelled: past tense of 'to smell'; perceived odors [smɛld]
• the smell of Africa: the odor associated with the continent of Africa [ðə smɛl əv ˈæfrɪkɑ]
• that: introduces a relative clause [ðət]
• the land breeze: a breeze blowing from the land towards the sea [ðə lænd briz]
• brought: past tense of 'to bring'; carried [brɔt]
• at morning: in the morning; early in the day [æt ˈmɔrnɪŋ]

Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy.

• Usually: generally; normally [ˈjuʒəwəli]
• when: at the time that [wɪn]
• he: refers to a male person or character previously mentioned [hi]
• smelled: past tense of 'to smell'; perceived odors [smɛld]
• the land breeze: a breeze blowing from the land towards the sea [ðə lænd briz]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• woke up: past tense of 'to wake up'; became conscious [woʊk əp]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• dressed: past tense of 'to dress'; put on clothes [drɛst]
• to go: in order to go [tɪ goʊ]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• wake: to rouse from sleep [weɪk]
• the boy: a young male [ðə bɔɪ]

But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands.

• But: however; on the contrary [bət]
• tonight: this night; the current night [təˈnaɪt]
• the smell of the land breeze: the odor associated with a breeze blowing from the land towards the sea [ðə smɛl əv ðə lænd briz]
• came: past tense of 'to come'; arrived [keɪm]
• very early: at a time that is earlier than usual [ˈvɛri ˈərli]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• knew: past tense of 'to know'; was aware [nu]
• it: refers to the situation or event [ɪt]
• was: past tense of 'to be' [wɑz]
• too early: earlier than is desirable or appropriate [tu ˈərli]
• in his dream: during his sleep [ɪn hɪz drim]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• went on dreaming: continued to dream [wɛnt ɔn ˈdrimɪŋ]
• to see: in order to see [tɪ si]
• the white peaks: the pointed tops of mountains, covered in white (snow [ðə waɪt piks]
• of the Islands: belonging to the islands [əv ðə ˈaɪləndz]
• rising: coming up; ascending [ˈraɪzɪŋ]
• from the sea: out of the ocean [frəm ðə si]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• then: at that time; next [ðɛn]
• he: refers to the same male person or character [hi]
• dreamed: past tense of 'to dream'; experienced a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep [drimd]
• of: expressing the relationship between the dreamer and the subject of the dream [əv]
• the different harbours: various sheltered places along the coast where ships can anchor [ðə ˈdɪfərənt harbours]
• and: conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences [ənd]
• roadsteads: a place near the shore where ships can anchor safely [roadsteads]
• of the Canary Islands: belonging to the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa [əv ðə kəˈnɛri ˈaɪləndz]

He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength, nor of his wife.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• no longer: not any more; in the past but not now [noʊ ˈlɔŋgər]
• dreamed: past tense of 'dream', experiencing images, emotions, or sensations during sleep [drimd]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• storms: violent disturbances of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow [stɔrmz]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• women: plural of 'woman', adult female human beings [ˈwɪmən]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• great: of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the average [greɪt]
• occurrences: an incident or event, especially one of an unexpected or unpleasant nature [əˈkərənsɪz]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• great: of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the average [greɪt]
• fish: aquatic vertebrate animals that typically have gills and fins [fɪʃ]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• fights: a violent confrontation or struggle [faɪts]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• contests: an event in which people compete for supremacy in a sport or other activity [ˈkɑntɛsts]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• strength: the quality or state of being physically strong [strɛŋθ]
• nor: used to introduce a negative clause or item, indicating that the statement is also true of the item being introduced [nɔr]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• his: belonging to or associated with a male person previously mentioned or easily identified [hɪz]
• wife: a married woman in relation to her husband [waɪf]

He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• only: and no one or nothing else; solely [ˈoʊnli]
• dreamed: past tense of 'dream', experiencing images, emotions, or sensations during sleep [drimd]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• places: a particular position or area [ˈpleɪsɪz]
• now: at the present time or moment [naʊ]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole [əv]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• lions: a large tawny-colored cat that lives in groups (prides). The male has a mane [laɪənz]
• on: physically in contact with and supported by (a surface [ɔn]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• beach: a pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the sea between high- and low-water marks [biʧ]

They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy.

• They: referring to the lions [ðeɪ]
• played: past tense of 'play', engage in activity for enjoyment and recreation rather than a serious or practical purpose [pleɪd]
• like: having the same characteristics or qualities as; similar to [laɪk]
• young: having lived or existed for only a short time [jəŋ]
• cats: a small domesticated carnivorous mammal with soft fur, a short snout, and retractable claws [kæts]
• in: expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else [ɪn]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• dusk: the darker stage of twilight [dəsk]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• loved: past tense of 'love', have a deep affection for (someone [ləvd]
• them: referring to the lions [ðɛm]
• as: used to indicate that something happens during the time when something else is taking place [ɛz]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• loved: past tense of 'love', have a deep affection for (someone [ləvd]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• boy: a male child or young man [bɔɪ]

He never dreamed about the boy.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• never: at no time in the past or future [ˈnɛvər]
• dreamed: past tense of 'dream', experiencing images, emotions, or sensations during sleep [drimd]
• about: on the subject of; concerning [əˈbaʊt]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• boy: a male child or young man [bɔɪ]

He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• simply: in a clear and straightforward way [ˈsɪmpli]
• woke: past tense of 'wake', cease to sleep; get out of bed [woʊk]
• looked: past tense of 'look', direct one's gaze toward someone or something or in a specified direction [lʊkt]
• out: expressing movement or direction away from a place or position [aʊt]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• open: having no barrier preventing access or view [ˈoʊpən]
• door: a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier at the entrance to a building, room, or vehicle [dɔr]
• at: expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position [æt]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• moon: the natural satellite of the earth, visible (chiefly at night) by reflected light from the sun [mun]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• unrolled: past tense of 'unroll', open out (something that is rolled up [ˌənˈroʊld]
• his: belonging to or associated with a male person previously mentioned or easily identified [hɪz]
• trousers: an outer garment covering the body from the waist to the ankles or knees, with a separate part for each leg [ˈtraʊzərz]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• put: move (something) to a particular place or position [pʊt]
• them: referring to the trousers [ðɛm]
• on: supported by [ɔn]

He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• urinated: discharge urine [urinated]
• outside: situated on or near the exterior of [ˈaʊtˈsaɪd]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• shack: a roughly built hut or cabin [ʃæk]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• then: at that time; at the time in question [ðɛn]
• went: past tense of 'go', move from one place to another; travel [wɛnt]
• up: toward a higher place or position [əp]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• road: a wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a specially prepared surface that vehicles can use [roʊd]
• to: expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location [tɪ]
• wake: emerge from sleep; stop sleeping [weɪk]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• boy: a male child or young man [bɔɪ]

He was shivering with the morning cold.

• He: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• was: past tense of 'be' [wɑz]
• shivering: shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited [ˈʃɪvərɪŋ]
• with: accompanied by (someone or something [wɪθ]
• the: denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or known [ðə]
• morning: the period of time between sunrise and noon [ˈmɔrnɪŋ]
• cold: of or at a low or relatively low temperature [koʊld]

But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing.

• But: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously [bət]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• knew: past tense of 'know', be aware of through observation, inquiry, or information [nu]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• would: expressing a future intention or plan [wʊd]
• shiver: shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited [ˈʃɪvər]
• himself: used as the object of a verb or preposition when the subject is 'he' and refers to the same person [hɪmˈsɛlf]
• warm: having or producing a comfortably high temperature [wɔrm]
• and: used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly [ənd]
• that: used to introduce a subordinate clause [ðət]
• soon: in or after a short time [sun]
• he: refers to a male person previously mentioned or known [hi]
• would: expressing a future intention or plan [wʊd]
• be: used with a present participle to form continuous tenses [bi]
• rowing: propel a boat with oars [roʊɪŋ]