A Scandal in Bohemia by Arthur Conan Doyle- page 16

“But it has twice been burgled])).”

• But: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• it: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the item or place being discussed [ɪt]
• has: Auxiliary verb indicating present perfect tense [həz]
• twice: Adverb meaning two times [twaɪs]
• been burgled: Verb in the past participle form, indicating that the subject has been broken into and robbed. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [bɪn burgled-

“Pshaw!

• Pshaw: An exclamation of contempt or impatience [pshaw]

“But how will you look?”

• But: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• how: Adverb indicating the manner or way in which something is done [haʊ]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• you: Pronoun referring to the person being addressed [ju]
• look: Verb meaning to search or examine something. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [lʊk)]

“I will not look.”

• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• not: Adverb indicating negation [nɑt]
• look: Verb meaning to search or examine something. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [lʊk)]

“What then?”

• What: Interrogative pronoun used to ask about something [wət]
• then: Adverb indicating what happens next or as a result. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [ðɛn)]

“I will get her to show me.”

• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• get: Verb meaning to obtain or acquire something [gɪt]
• her: Pronoun referring to a female person [hər]
• to show: Verb meaning to allow someone to see something [tɪ ʃoʊ]
• me: Pronoun referring to the speaker. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [mi)]

“But she will refuse.”

• But: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• she: Pronoun referring to a female person [ʃi]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• refuse: Verb meaning to decline to accept something. The quotation marks indicate that this is dialogue [ˈrɛfˌjuz)]

“She will not be able to.

• She: Pronoun referring to a female person [ʃi]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• not: Adverb indicating negation [nɑt]
• be able: Phrase meaning to have the capacity or ability to do something [bi ˈeɪbəl]
• to: Preposition indicating purpose or direction [tɪ]

But I hear the rumble of wheels.

• But: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• hear: Verb meaning to perceive sound with the ears [hir]
• the rumble: Noun referring to a low, heavy, continuous sound [ðə ˈrəmbəl]
• of wheels: Noun referring to circular objects that rotate to allow movement [əv wilz]

It is her carriage.

• It: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the carriage [ɪt]
• is: Verb 'to be' in the present tense [ɪz]
• her: Pronoun referring to a female person [hər]
• carriage: Noun referring to a wheeled vehicle, typically horse-drawn [ˈkɛrəʤ]

As he spoke the gleam of the sidelights of a carriage came round the curve of the avenue.

• As: Conjunction indicating time or manner [ɛz]
• he: Pronoun referring to a male person [hi]
• spoke: Verb meaning to say something [spoʊk]
• the gleam: Noun referring to a bright or shining light [ðə glim]
• of the sidelights: Noun referring to lights on the side of a vehicle [əv ðə sidelights]
• of a carriage: Noun referring to a wheeled vehicle, typically horse-drawn [əv ə ˈkɛrəʤ]
• came: Verb meaning to move or arrive [keɪm]
• round: Preposition indicating movement in a circular direction [raʊnd]
• the curve: Noun referring to a bend or arch [ðə kərv]
• of the avenue: Noun referring to a wide road or street, often lined with trees [əv ðə ˈævəˌnu]

It was a smart little landau which rattled up to the door of Briony Lodge.

• It: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the carriage [ɪt]
• was: Verb 'to be' in the past tense [wɑz]
• a smart: Adjective meaning stylish or elegant [ə smɑrt]
• little: Adjective meaning small in size [ˈlɪtəl]
• landau: Noun referring to a type of four-wheeled carriage with a convertible top [ˈlænˌdaʊ]
• which: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the landau [wɪʧ]
• rattled up: Verb meaning to move quickly and noisily [ˈrætəld əp]
• to the door: Noun referring to an entrance to a building [tɪ ðə dɔr]
• of Briony Lodge: Proper noun referring to a specific place [əv ˈbraɪəˌni lɑʤ]

As it pulled up, one of the loafing men at the corner dashed forward to open the door in the hope of earning a copper, but was elbowed away by another loafer, who had rushed up with the same intention.

• As: Conjunction indicating time or manner [ɛz]
• it: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the landau [ɪt]
• pulled up: Phrasal verb meaning to stop a vehicle [pʊld əp]
• one: Numeral referring to the number 1 [wən]
• of the loafing: Adjective describing someone who is idle or lazy [əv ðə loafing]
• men: Noun referring to adult males [mɛn]
• at the corner: Noun referring to the intersection of two streets [æt ðə ˈkɔrnər]
• dashed forward: Verb meaning to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction [dæʃt ˈfɔrwərd]
• to open: Verb meaning to allow access to something [tɪ ˈoʊpən]
• the door: Noun referring to an entrance to a building [ðə dɔr]
• in the hope: Phrase expressing a desire or expectation [ɪn ðə hoʊp]
• of earning: Verb meaning to gain something through effort [əv ˈərnɪŋ]
• a copper: Noun referring to a coin of low value [ə ˈkɑpər]
• but: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• was elbowed away: Verb meaning to push someone aside with one's elbow [wɑz ˈɛlˌboʊd əˈweɪ]
• by another: Adjective meaning one more or an additional one [baɪ əˈnəðər]
• loafer: Noun referring to someone who is idle or lazy [ˈloʊfər]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the loafer [hu]
• had rushed up: Verb meaning to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction [hæd rəʃt əp]
• with the same intention: Noun referring to a purpose or aim [wɪθ ðə seɪm ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən]

A fierce quarrel broke out, which was increased by the two guardsmen, who took sides with one of the loungers, and by the scissors-grinder, who was equally hot upon the other side.

• A fierce: Adjective meaning intense or aggressive [ə fɪrs]
• quarrel: Noun referring to an angry argument or disagreement [kˈwɔrəl]
• broke out: Phrasal verb meaning to start suddenly [broʊk aʊt]
• which: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the quarrel [wɪʧ]
• was increased: Verb meaning to become greater in size, amount, or degree [wɑz ˌɪnˈkrist]
• by the two guardsmen: Noun referring to soldiers who guard a particular place or person [baɪ ðə tu ˈgɑrdzmɪn]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the guardsmen [hu]
• took sides: Idiom meaning to support one person or group against another [tʊk saɪdz]
• with one: Numeral referring to the number 1 [wɪθ wən]
• of the loungers: Noun referring to people who are relaxing or idling [əv ðə loungers]
• and: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• by the scissors-grinder: Noun referring to someone who sharpens scissors [baɪ ðə scissors-grinder]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the scissors-grinder [hu]
• was equally: Adverb meaning to the same degree or extent [wɑz ˈikwəli]
• hot: Adjective meaning passionate or enthusiastic [hɑt]
• upon: Preposition indicating position or direction [əˈpɑn]
• the other side: Noun referring to a group or team in opposition to another [ðə ˈəðər saɪd]

A blow was struck, and in an instant the lady, who had stepped from her carriage, was the centre of a little knot of flushed and struggling men, who struck savagely at each other with their fists and sticks.

• A blow: Noun referring to a forceful strike [ə bloʊ]
• was struck: Verb meaning to hit someone or something forcefully [wɑz strək]
• and: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• in an instant: Phrase meaning immediately [ɪn ən ˈɪnstənt]
• the lady: Noun referring to a woman of high social status [ðə ˈleɪdi]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the lady [hu]
• had stepped: Verb meaning to move by lifting and setting down one's foot [hæd stɛpt]
• from her carriage: Noun referring to a wheeled vehicle, typically horse-drawn [frəm hər ˈkɛrəʤ]
• was: Verb 'to be' in the past tense [wɑz]
• the centre: Noun referring to the middle point or part [ðə ˈsɛntər]
• of a little: Adjective meaning small in size [əv ə ˈlɪtəl]
• knot: Noun referring to a tightly packed group of people [nɑt]
• of flushed: Adjective describing someone with a red face, typically due to excitement or exertion [əv fləʃt]
• and struggling: Adjective describing someone who is making strenuous efforts to overcome an obstacle [ənd ˈstrəgəlɪŋ]
• men: Noun referring to adult males [mɛn]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the men [hu]
• struck savagely: Verb meaning to hit someone or something in a fierce or violent manner [strək ˈsævɪʤli]
• at each other: Phrase meaning to or toward one another [æt iʧ ˈəðər]
• with their fists: Noun referring to a closed hand [wɪθ ðɛr fɪsts]
• and sticks: Noun referring to a long, thin piece of wood [ənd stɪks]

Holmes dashed into the crowd to protect the lady; but, just as he reached her, he gave a cry and dropped to the ground, with the blood running freely down his face.

• Holmes: Proper noun referring to a specific person [hoʊmz]
• dashed: Verb meaning to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction [dæʃt]
• into the crowd: Noun referring to a large group of people gathered together [ˈɪntu ðə kraʊd]
• to protect: Verb meaning to keep someone or something safe from harm [tɪ prəˈtɛkt]
• the lady: Noun referring to a woman of high social status [ðə ˈleɪdi]
• but: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• just as: Phrase meaning at the exact moment that [ʤɪst ɛz]
• he: Pronoun referring to a male person [hi]
• reached: Verb meaning to arrive at a destination [riʧt]
• her: Pronoun referring to a female person [hər]
• he: Pronoun referring to a male person [hi]
• gave: Verb meaning to provide or offer something [geɪv]
• a cry: Noun referring to a loud, emotional expression of pain or distress [ə kraɪ]
• and: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• dropped: Verb meaning to fall or let something fall [drɑpt]
• to the ground: Noun referring to the surface of the earth [tɪ ðə graʊnd]
• with the blood: Noun referring to the red fluid that circulates in the body [wɪθ ðə bləd]
• running freely: Adverb meaning without obstruction or restraint [ˈrənɪŋ ˈfrili]
• down his face: Noun referring to the front part of the head [daʊn hɪz feɪs]

At his fall the guardsmen took to their heels in one direction and the loungers in the other, while a number of better dressed people, who had watched the scuffle without taking part in it, crowded in to help the lady and to attend to the injured man.

• At his fall: Noun referring to the act of falling [æt hɪz fɔl]
• the guardsmen: Noun referring to soldiers who guard a particular place or person [ðə ˈgɑrdzmɪn]
• took to their heels: Idiom meaning to run away quickly [tʊk tɪ ðɛr hilz]
• in one direction: Noun referring to a course or path [ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn]
• and: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• the loungers: Noun referring to people who are relaxing or idling [ðə loungers]
• in the other: Adjective meaning the remaining one of two [ɪn ðə ˈəðər]
• while: Conjunction indicating time or contrast [waɪl]
• a number: Noun referring to a quantity or amount [ə ˈnəmbər]
• of better dressed: Adjective describing someone who is wearing more formal or expensive clothing [əv ˈbɛtər drɛst]
• people: Noun referring to human beings in general or considered collectively [ˈpipəl]
• who: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the people [hu]
• had watched: Verb meaning to observe something [hæd wɔʧt]
• the scuffle: Noun referring to a short, confused fight or struggle [ðə ˈskəfəl]
• without taking part: Phrase meaning not participating in something [wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt]
• in it: Pronoun referring to a previously mentioned subject, likely the scuffle [ɪn ɪt]
• crowded in: Verb meaning to move close together in a dense group [ˈkraʊdɪd ɪn]
• to help: Verb meaning to assist someone [tɪ hɛlp]
• the lady: Noun referring to a woman of high social status [ðə ˈleɪdi]
• and: Conjunction used to connect words or clauses [ənd]
• to attend: Verb meaning to take care of someone [tɪ əˈtɛnd]
• to the injured man: Adjective describing someone who has been hurt or harmed [tɪ ðə ˈɪnʤərd mæn]

Irene Adler, as I will still call her, had hurried up the steps; but she stood at the top with her superb figure outlined against the lights of the hall, looking back into the street.

• Irene Adler: Proper noun referring to a specific person [aɪˈrin ˈædlər]
• as: Conjunction indicating comparison or manner [ɛz]
• I: Pronoun referring to the speaker [aɪ]
• will: Auxiliary verb indicating future tense [wɪl]
• still: Adverb meaning continuing to do something [stɪl]
• call: Verb meaning to give someone or something a name [kɔl]
• her: Pronoun referring to a female person [hər]
• had hurried up: Verb meaning to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction [hæd ˈhərid əp]
• the steps: Noun referring to a series of levels used for going from one place to another [ðə stɛps]
• but: Conjunction indicating contrast or opposition [bət]
• she: Pronoun referring to a female person [ʃi]
• stood: Verb meaning to be in an upright position [stʊd]
• at the top: Noun referring to the highest point or part of something [æt ðə tɔp]
• with her superb: Adjective meaning excellent or outstanding [wɪθ hər sʊˈpərb]
• figure: Noun referring to the shape or form of a person's body [ˈfɪgjər]
• outlined: Verb meaning to draw or define the outer edge of something [ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd]
• against: Preposition indicating opposition or contrast [əˈgɛnst]
• the lights: Noun referring to a source of illumination [ðə laɪts]
• of the hall: Noun referring to a large room or space in a building [əv ðə hɔl]
• looking back: Verb meaning to turn one's head to see something behind oneself [ˈlʊkɪŋ bæk]
• into the street: Noun referring to a public road in a city or town [ˈɪntu ðə strit]

“Is the poor gentleman much hurt?” she asked.

• Is: Used to form a question; in this case, inquiring about the condition of the gentleman [ɪz]
• the poor gentleman: 'poor' here implies pity or sympathy for the gentleman; 'gentleman' refers to a man, likely of respectable social standing [ðə pur ˈʤɛnəlmən]
• much hurt: 'much hurt' means severely injured; the question mark indicates an inquiry; the quotation marks indicate direct speech [məʧ hərt]

“He is dead,” cried several voices.

• He is dead: 'He' refers to the gentleman in question; 'is dead' means no longer living; the quotation marks indicate direct speech [hi ɪz dɛd]
• cried: past tense of 'cry', indicating a loud expression of emotion or information [kraɪd]

“No, no, there’s life in him!” shouted another. “But he’ll be gone before you can get him to hospital.”

• No, no: Expressing disagreement or contradiction [noʊ noʊ]
• there’s: contraction of 'there is', indicating existence [ðɛrz]
• life in him: 'life' means being alive; 'in him' refers to the gentleman; the exclamation mark indicates strong emotion or emphasis [laɪf ɪn ɪm]
• shouted: past tense of 'shout', indicating a loud vocalization [ˈʃaʊtɪd]
• another: Indicates that someone else is speaking [əˈnəðər]
• But: introducing a contrasting statement [bət]
• he’ll: contraction of 'he will', indicating a future action [hil]
• be gone: meaning he will die [bi gɔn]
• before: earlier than [ˌbiˈfɔr]
• you: referring to the people present [ju]
• can: to be able to [kən]
• get him: take him [gɪt ɪm]
• to hospital: a place where sick or injured people are treated. [tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl)]

“He’s a brave fellow,” said a woman. “They would have had the lady’s purse and watch if it hadn’t been for him.

• He’s: contraction of 'he is', referring to the injured gentleman [hiz]
• a brave fellow: 'brave' means courageous; 'fellow' refers to a man [ə breɪv ˈfɛloʊ]
• said: past tense of 'say', indicating who is speaking [sɛd]
• a woman: identifies the speaker as a female [ə ˈwʊmən]
• They: referring to the attackers [ðeɪ]
• would have had: meaning they would have stolen [wʊd hæv hæd]
• the lady’s purse: a small bag for carrying money and personal items, belonging to the lady [ðə ˈleɪdiz pərs]
• and: in addition to [ənd]
• watch: a timepiece worn on the wrist or carried in a pocket [wɔʧ]
• if: introducing a condition [ɪf]
• it hadn’t been: contraction of 'it had not been', referring to the gentleman's intervention [ɪt ˈhædənt bɪn]
• for him: meaning because of him [fər ɪm]

They were a gang, and a rough one, too.

• They: referring to the attackers [ðeɪ]
• were: past tense of 'are' [wər]
• a gang: a group of criminals [ə gæŋ]
• and: in addition to [ənd]
• a rough one: 'rough' means violent or dangerous [ə rəf wən]
• too: also [tu]